acai

Acai (pronounced “ah-sigh-ee”) is a small berry with a deep purple colour. It is a potent source of antioxidants.

Malpighia emarginata (acerola) fruit extract

Acerola fruit extract is a potent source of antioxidants and hydrating polysaccharides.

acetyl carnitine HCL

acetyl glucosamine

Antioxidant known to help fade discolourations and soothe skin. It also helps skin produce its own hyaluronic acid content naturally.

Beta vulgaris root extract

Betula alba

BHT

Butylated hydroxytoluene, a potent synthetic antioxidant that also has negative properties when...

bioflavonoid

Diverse range of substances that are components of many fruits and vegetables. Many have been shown...

birch bark extract

Extract derived from the plant Betula alba (common name white birch). It can have potent...

birch leaf extract

black elderberry

When taken orally, this has antioxidant properties (Source: Journal of Agricultural Food...

black locust extract

Extract that can have antioxidant properties, although it also may have harmful...

black raspberry

Fruit that has antioxidant properties...

black tea

blackberry

Berries that have antioxidant properties...

bladderwrack extract

Extract derived from seaweed; it can be an effective antioxidant and has water-binding properties...

Boerhavia diffusa root extract

Extract from a flowering plant. Animal studies have shown that this plant has strong...

borage seed oil

Non-fragrant plant oil that contains gamma linolenic acid and other essential fatty acids for skin.

Borago officinalis extract

Borago officinalis seed oil

boysenberry

Berry that can have potent antioxidant properties (Source: Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry,...

Brassica campestris

Brazil nut extract

Extract for which there is a small amount of research showing it can have antioxidant properties...

Buddleja davidii extract

Plant also known as summer lilac or butterfly bush (because the flowers are a food source for...

burdock root

Plant extract whose active constituents are skin soothing and antioxidant…

caffeine

Caffeine is the chief stimulant in beverages such as coffee and tea. It’s often included in skincare products with claims...

calcium ascorbate

Form of vitamin C; other forms include ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, and...

agar

An algae-based natural ingredient that serves as a thickener in cosmetics.

Agrimonia eupatoria leaf extract

Research shows this plant extract has antioxidant properties....

Ahnfeltia concinna extract

ahnfeltia extract

alanine

Alaria esculenta extract

A type of brown seaweed also known as badderlocks, used topically as an antioxidant and hydrating agent due to its mix of replenishing fatty acids.

Aleurites moluccana seed oil

alfalfa extract

Can be an antioxidant in skincare products…

algae

Algae are very simple, chlorophyll-containing organisms in a family that includes more than 20,000...

algae extract

algin

Brown algae.

alpha lipoic acid

Alpha lipoic acid is an enzyme that, when applied topically on skin, appears to be a very good antioxidant, and is believed to have numerous soothing effects.

alpha-tocopherol

aluminum sulfate

It can sensitizing to skin.

amino acids

Amino acids are fundamental constituents of all proteins found in the body.

amygdalic acid

Anacystis nidulans extract

Angelica archangelica root oil

Volatile oil obtained from the angelica plant. The oil contains chemical constituents that can be...

Angelica polymorpha sinensis root extract

anise

Also known as aniseed, it can have antioxidant properties...

Anthemis nobilis flower extract

anthocyanin

Group of naturally occurring substances found in plants that give fruits, vegetables, and plants...

antioxidant

General term for a large group of natural and synthetic ingredients that work to reduce...

apple fruit extract

General name for various types of apples, all of which have potent antioxidant ability that, at least in theory, can benefit skin when applied topically.

Arctium lappa

Arctium majus

Arctostaphylos uva ursi leaf extract

A plant-based ingredient with antioxidant properties. Research also indicates it can help improve the look of skin discolourations.

argan oil

Non-fragrant plant oil expressed from the kernels of argan trees. Argan oil contains several beneficial lipids and fatty acids for skin...

Argania spinosa

arginine

Amino acid that has antioxidant properties and can be helpful for soothing skin (Sources: Journal...

artemia extract

Ascophyllum nodosum

A type of cold water brown seaweed that has antioxidant properties and serves as a texture enhancer in cosmetics.

ascorbyl glucosamine

Form of vitamin C that has little research showing it has the antioxidant or brightening...

ascorbyl glucoside

Stable, water-soluble form of vitamin C that brightens dull skin and fades discolourations.

ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate

Form of vitamin C that is considered stable and that functions as an antioxidant and thickening...

ascorbyl palmitate

Stable and nonacidic form of vitamin C that is effective as an antioxidant (Source: Biochemical and...

asparagine

Asparagopsis armata extract

Extract derived from seaweed.

aspartic acid

Amino acid that can help strengthen skin’s natural defence system, making it less likely to show signs of ageing from environmental damage.

astaxanthin

astaxanthin extract

Carotenoid (carotene pigment) found in plants, algae, and fish, particularly salmon, that functions...

Astragalus sinicus

avocado oil

Emollient oil similar to other nonfragrant plant oils. It has antioxidant properties.

Azadirachta indica

azelaic acid

A type of acid known as a dicarboxylic acid derived from grains that offers numerous benefits when applied to skin.

azulene

Chamomile extract used primarily as a coloring agent in cosmetics. It can have antioxidant and...

babassu oil

Babassu oil comes from the seed of the Orbignya oleifera plant, which is native to Brazil.

bakuchiol

An antioxidant found in the seeds and leaves of the plant Psoralea corylifolia...

banana extract

Extract from banana fruit that has some weak antioxidant properties (Source: Free Radical Research,...

bay leaf oil

Has the potential to provide antioxidant benefits for skin…

bearberry extract

Latin name Arctostaphylos uva ursi, there is research showing that this extract has soothing...

beet root extract

Powdered base of the stem (root) of the Beta vulgaris plant. Used as a coloring agent. As with most...

benzalkonium chloride

Used as a preservative in skincare products. There is no research showing it...

Berberis aristata

Bertholletia excelsa extract

beta-carotene

Member of the carotenoid family. There are hundreds of carotenoids, including lycopene and lutein....

beta-glucan

Polysaccharide sugar derived from yeast or oats. It has some antioxidant properties and is a skin-soothing agent.

beta hydroxy acid

calendula extract

Extract derived from the plant commonly known as pot marigold, there is little research showing...

Calendula officinalis flower extract

Non-fragrant antioxidant plant extract that has skin-soothing and redness-reducing properties.

Camellia japonica flower extract

Camellia japonica flower extract is also known as Tsubaki, Japanese camellia, common camellia.

Camellia oleifera

Camellia sinensis

carboxylic acid

carnitine

Naturally occurring amino acid. Deficiencies of this small but essential component can result in...

carnosic acid

Component of rosemary that is an antioxidant...

carnosol acid

Caulerpa taxifolia extract

Centella asiatica

Extract of herb that may be listed on labels as asiatic acid, hydrocotyl, or gotu kola. It has...

disodium rutinyl disulfate

A water-soluble derivative of the bioflavinoid rutin...

dogwood

There is a small amount of research showing that dogwood has antioxidant and soothing...

dulse

durian

A tropical fruit that contains high levels of antioxidants such as caffeic acid and quercetin

Durvillaea antarctica extract

Extract derived from a species of algae (Durvillea antarctica).

Elaeis guineensis oil

A soothing source of antioxidants, including vitamin E. As an oil, it also has emollient properties for skin.

elderberry

Also known as black elderberry or Sambucus nigra, this plant has potent antioxidant properties...

ellagic acid

Potent antioxidant compound found in pomegranate and most berries.

Enteromorpha compressa extract

Extract from green algae.

epigallocatechin gallate

One of the constituents of green tea believed to be responsible for its many health...

Equisetum arvense

ergocalciferol

Technical name for vitamin D.

ergothioneine

A substance derived from animal tissue or various types of mushrooms that has potent antioxidant...

Eriobotrya japonica

ethyl vanillin

Flavoring agent derived from vanilla. It has antioxidant properties (Source: Journal of...

Euterpe oleracea fruit extract

faex

A type of yeast.

farnesol

Extract of plants that is used in cosmetics primarily for fragrance. A few animal studies and some...

farnesyl acetate

chamomile

Ingredient derived from plant species Chamomilla recutita, Matricaria recutita, and Matricaria chamomilla...

Chamomilla recutita flower extract

cherry extract

Also known as wild cherry and sweet cherry, cherry extract is a natural source of vitamin C.

chlorella

cholecalciferol

Technical name for vitamin D.

Chondrus crispus (algae) extract

Chondrus crispus, also known as red algae, is a type of seaweed that’s a rich source of many nutrients for skin.

Cichorium intybus

Source of a plant extract with antioxidant properties (Source: Archives of Pharmaceutical Research,...

Cinnamomum

Citrus unshiu

Plant extract more commonly known as the satsuma. This medium-sized citrus fruit is native to...

Citrus unshiu peel extract

cocoa extract

Can have antioxidant properties...

Codium tomentosum extract

coenzyme Q10

Also known as ubiquinone, it is a vitamin-like, fat-soluble substance present in skin....

Coffea arabica (coffee) seed oil

The concentrated oil from the coffee bean plant, whichis green, not dark brown as this color doesn't occur until coffee beans are roasted. Research on this oil's effect on skin...

Coffea arabica seed extract

Coffea arabica is the coffee plant, and there is research showing that coffee extract has...

copper gluconate

The salt form of the mineral copper combined with glucoronic acid, which is a building block of hyaluronic acid. It helps transport water and other substances within skin.

copper peptides

Copper peptides combine the element copper with three amino acids. Copper peptides occur naturally in the body, and are used in trace amounts to...

Corallina officinalis extract

Cornus extract

coumarin

Organic compound found in plants and derived from the amino acid phenylalanine. It creates the...

cranberry seed extract

Extract of the cranberry fruit. Natural components known as proanthocyanidins are responsible for...

cranberry seed oil

Extract derived from the seed of this red berry; the oil (which is not red) has antioxidant...

cucumber extract

Non-irritating plant extract from the gourd family (think pumpkin) that’s often reputed to be...

Cucumis melo (melon) fruit extract

More commonly known as cantaloupe or honeydew melon, Cucumis melo is a fruit that is a rich source...

Cucumis sativus extract

Cucurbita pepo seed extract

Cucurbitea peponis

Curcuma longa root

curcumin

Antioxidant spice that can be effective in soothing skin…

Cymbopogon martini

d-alpha-tocopherol

Antioxidant that's considered the most optimal form of vitamin E.

Daucus carota

Also known as wild carrot. It can have antioxidant properties, but applied topically it can cause...

diethylhexyl syringylidenemalonate

An ester that functions as a stabilizing antioxidant and helps protect cosmetics products from chemical or physical deterioration induced by light.

fennel seed extract

Can have antioxidant properties, but on skin it can be a skin sensitizer (Source:...

ferulic acid

Superstar antioxidant that defends skin from environmental assault + sun damage, while also helping stabilise other antioxidants in a formula. Also helps contribute to more even tone.

Ficus carica (fig) fruit extract

Fig is a rich source of a class of antioxidants known as phenolic compounds.

fig

Filipendula glaberrima

Also known as Nakai, the root of this plant extract has been shown to be an antioxidant…

flavonoid

flax

Plant source of linen and edible seeds. Flax seeds and seed oil have antioxidant properties...

flaxseed oil

From seeds of the flax plant; a source of fatty acids, particularly omega-3.

Foeniculum vulgare extract

folic acid

Part of the B-vitamin complex; when taken orally, it is a good antioxidant. That benefit has not...

Fu ling

Fucus vesiculosus extract

Fucus vesiculosus extract, also known as bladderwrack, is a type of brown algae (seaweed) that is edible.

galactoarabinan

Polysaccharide extracted from the western larch tree.

gamma linolenic acid (GLA)

Fatty acid used in cosmetics as an emollient and antioxidant. GLA is considered to...

Ganoderma lucidum (mushroom) extract

Ganoderma lucidum is a species of mushroom also known as Reishi mushroom that, when applied to skin, can visibly reduce some types of discolouration.

Gardenia florida extract

Flower extract used in cosmetics to impart fragrance; also functions as an antioxidant (Source:...

Gellidiela acerosa extract

Extract derived from a type of algae.

genistein

Plant component (most often from soy) that is a rich source of antioxidants, though it can also be...

Gentiana lutea (Gentian) root extract

Part of the gentian plant, constituents of which are soothing to skin...

geranium extract

Extract that can have potent antioxidant properties (Source: Phytomedicine, June 2000, pages...

Geranium pretense

Geranium plant.

ginger extract

Extract from a plant in the Zingiberacae family that has research showing it has soothing...

ginger oil

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract

Potent antioxidant and soothing ingredient.

GLA

glucosyl hesperidin

A water-soluble form of hesperidin, a flavonoid found in many citrus plants, as well as evening primrose oil. It has potential as an antioxidant...

glutathione

Powerful, non-enzymatic antioxidant which naturally occurs in the skin.

isoflavone

Plant derivative with antioxidant properties...

isoleucine

jojoba butter

The fattiest portion of jojoba oil, used as an intensive emollient.

jujube fruit extract

Asian plant extract that has soothing properties and may also provide other benefits...

kelp extract

Kigelia africana extract

Extract of African plant commonly known as the sausage tree. The African lore about this extract is...

kiwi fruit extract

As a food, kiwi has significant antioxidant properties that may even be greater than those of...

kojic acid

By-product of the fermentation process of malting rice for use in the manufacture of sake, Japanese...

kojic dipalmitate

A mixture of kojic acid and palmitic acid. It functions as a skin-conditioning agent and antioxidant...

kudzu root

Source of isoflavone, genistein, and daidzein, all plant estrogens..

L-ascorbic acid

Form of vitamin C that is a potent antioxidant and skin-soothing agent...

L-cysteine

lady's thistle (milk thistle) extract

Extract for which there is a great deal of research showing it has many applications...

Laminaria digitata

Laminaria longicruris

Laminaria sacharrina

Lamium album flower extract

A species of the nettle plant that is used topically as as a soothing ingredient...

lappa extract

Larrea divaricata extract

Larrea tridentata

Laurus nobilis

lemon juice

The juice from the citrus fruit lemon, often touted in the world of skin care as being a natural option for brightening skin.

lentil fruit extract

Extract that functions as a skin-conditioning agent and likely has antioxidant benefit, too.

Leontopodium alpinum (edelweiss) extract

Edelweiss is a plant extract whose constituents are capable of providing antioxidant and skin-soothing benefit for skin.

Glycine soja (soybean) oil

Glycine soja (soybean) oil is a non-fragrant plant oil with multiple uses for skin.

goji fruit extract

This bright, warm red berry, native to Asia, is a very good source of antioxidant compounds.

gotu kola

grape seed extract

Grape seed extract has been shown to help diminish free-radical damage…

grape seed oil

Emollient, non-fragrant plant oil that also has excellent antioxidant properties...

green tea

Significant amounts of research have established that tea, including black, green, and white tea...

gromwell

Haematococcus pluvialis extract

Hamamelis virginiana

hamamelitannin

Tannin that is found in witch hazel. It can be a skin sensitizer but it also has antioxidant...

Haslea ostrearia extract

Extract derived from a water plant also known as blue algae. In pure concentrations this extract...

Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil

Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil is a non-volatile, non-fragrant plant oil used as an emollient in cosmetics.

hesperidin

Flavonoid found in various plants such as citrus and evening primrose oil. It has potential as a...

hesperidin methyl chalcone

ynthetic antioxidant that helps protect skin from UV damage. Research also shows it possess soothing and anti-redness properties.

hexylresorcinol

A synthetic ingredient that has been shown to have skin brightening ability but there is very limited research about it on skin...

hibiscus

Fragrant plant

Himanthalia elongate extract

Extract of a species of algae.

Hippophae rhamnoides

histidine

honey

Honey is a substance produced by bees from the nectar of flowering plants.

honey extract

hops

There is no research showing that hops have any benefit for skin. However, components in hops may...

Hordeum vulgare extract

horsetail extract

Plant extract that has antioxidant and soothing properties, but there's no solid research showing it can and does exert these effects...

Huang qi

Humulus lupulus extract

hydrogenated olive oil

A rich source of antioxidants; can help increase the viscosity and emolliency of a formula. Hydrogenating the oil changes it from its natural liquid state into a solid.

hydrogenated palm glycerides

Palm glycerides are the fatty acid component of palm oil. When a plant oil is hydrogenated, it is...

hydrogenated soybean oil

Non-fragrant plant oil from soy that has been hydrogenated so it retains a semi-solid rather than liquid state.

hydrolysed silk

An animal-derived byproduct made by hydrolysing the silk protein obtained from the spent cocoon of the silkworm. Helps to condition skin and hair, imparting a smooth feel.

hydrolyzed soy protein

Hypericum extract

hyssop

idebenone

A synthetic antioxidant similar to coenzyme Q10. Idebenone got a lot of press as the best...

Ilex paraguariensis

Illicium vernum

Irish moss extract

Type of red algae.

Leptospermum scoparium oil

licorice extract

Plant extract that has skin-soothing properties. In addition, licorice root may be effective in...

linden flower extract

Major constituents in linden are flavonoids and glycosides. Flavonoids are potent...

linoleic acid

Unsaturated fatty acid used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics. There is some...

Lithospermum erythrorhizon

Also known as gromwell, the root of this plant is believed to have antioxidant and...

loquat extract

Extract derived from a subtropical flower that has antioxidant properties similar to...

lotus seed extract

Extract that can have soothing and antioxidant properties...

lupine

Legume that is a source of isoflavones with antioxidant properties.

lupine oil

Extract of Lupinus albus, a legume; it has emollient and antioxidant properties.

Lupinus albus seed extract

Non-fragrant plant extract that serves as a beneficial source of fatty acids and antioxidants for skin.

lutein

Carotenoid that has antioxidant properties…

Lycium barbarum fruit extract

The extract of the fruit commonly known as goji, goji berry, or wolfberry. This fruit extract is an antioxidant...

lysine

Amino acid.

madecassoside

One of four principal bioactive compounds in the plant extract Centella asiatica.

magnesium ascorbyl palmitate

Fatty acid-based derivative of vitamin C that can be an effective antioxidant. There is some...

Perilla ocymoides

Also known as beefsteak plant. Like many plants, the leaves contain flavones which help the plant...

Persea gratissima (avocado) oil

Persea gratisima is the Latin name for avocado, and the oil from this fruit is an excellent source of skin-replenishing fatty acids

phenylalanine

phenylethyl resorcinol

Synthetic antioxidant often seen in skin-brightening products.

phloretin

A flavonoid substance derived from apples and the bark of apple trees. As for topical application...

Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract

Extract that has antioxidant and soothing properties…

pinecone extract

Components of this extract, specifically linolenic and linoleic acids, can have antioxidant...

Pinus sylvestris extract

Pisum sativum (pea) extract

Pisum sativa (pea) extract has documented antioxidant ability thanks to its natural content of ellagic acid and beta-sitosterol, gallic acid, and quercetin.

plum extract

Extract of Prunus americana that may have antioxidant activity when applied topically (Source:...

plum seed oil

Plum (Prunus domestica) seed oil, also known as plum kernel oil, is non-fragrant oil…

Malva sylvestris extract

Extract from the blue mallow flower, it may have some soothing properties for...

manganese gluconate

Mineral found in trace amounts in tissues of the body. While manganese plays a vital role in the...

Mangifera indica root

Extract derived from the mango tree; it can have antioxidant properties (Source: Journal of...

manuka oil

Extract derived from the New Zealand tea tree; the oil is similar to that of the Australian tea...

marigold

marionberry

Fruit that has potent antioxidant properties.

Mastocarpus stellatus

mate extract

matricaria oil

Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil

Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil is a non-fragrant, edible plant oil originally developed as an agricultural crop in the 1950s.

Medicago sativa

Melaleuca alternifolia

methionine

methylsufonylsulfate

Microcystis aeruginosa

Latin name for spirulina.

milk vetch root

Root with potential antioxidant properties, although there isn't conclusive research that it functions that way when applied topically.

Morinda citrifolia

Morus alba (white mulberry) root extract

Morus alba (white mulberry) root extract has antioxidant properties, but its main benefit for skin has to do with calming signs of irritation.

mulberry extract

Non-fragrant plant extract (Latin name is Morus alba) whose various parts such as the leaf and root, have shown potential to brighten and improve the look...

N-acetyl-L tyrosine

Nardostachys jatamansi

Nasturtium officinale extract

natto gum

Fermentation product of soy protein. It may be a potent antioxidant (Source: Journal of...

neem extract

Neem extract has antioxidant and skin-calming benefits and may also help reduce the population of harmful microbes on skin’s surface.

niacinamide

Helps visibly minimise pore size, improve dull/uneven tone, and reduce wrinkle depth. Also known to fortify skin’s barrier strength and boost hydration.

noni juice

Also known as morinda or Morinda citrifolia, comes from a small evergreen tree. The juice from this...

Nymphaea tetragona

Also known as pygmy waterlily. The stem has been shown to be an antioxidant...

oak root extract

Extract that can be a skin sensitizer.

oat beta-glucan

oat bran extract

Oat bran extract is a portion of the oat plant that contains antioxidant and soothing properties...

Olea europaea fruit oil

Olea europaea oil unsaponifiables

An unsaponifiable oil is the portion of a plant oil that is not broken down when the oil's fatty...

oleanolic acid

A skin-soothing ingredient, especially when used in synthetic rather than natural form...

olive-oil/olive-fruit-oil

Emollient plant oil similar to many other non-fragrant plant oils. The concept of olive oil having...

Orbignya oleifera seed oil

Orbignya oleifera seed oil is more commonly known as babassu oil, a non-fragrant nut oil that smooths and softens skin as well as being a good antioxidant.

oryzanol

Component of plants and their products, such as rice bran, that has potent antioxidant properties.

oxidoreductase

Large group of enzymes that block oxygen in different forms from generating environmental damage.

P. elisabethae

The “P.” is short for the genus Pseudopterogorgia.

Padina pavonica extract

Paeonia suffruticosa extract

palm oil

Has emollient and antioxidant properties for skin.

Palmaria palmata extract

Extract from a type of algae whose common name is dulse.

pansy extract

Extract for which there is a small amount of research showing it has skin soothing and...

Passiflora edulis seed oil

Non-fragrant plant oil from the passion fruit plant, and a rich source of fatty acids and antioxidants...

polysaccharide

Natural component of skin that can be a good water-binding agent and potentially have antioxidant...

pomegranate extract

Pomegranate and its extracts have antioxidant properties that, while not conclusively demonstrated on human skin

potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate

Blend of vitamins C and E with phosphorus that functions as an antioxidant.

proline

propolis

Brownish, resinous material that is collected by bees and used to construct the hive. It has...

Prunella vulgaris

Prunus americana

Prunus domestica seed extract

Prunus domestica seed oil

Non-fragrant plant oil, more commonly known as plum (and, when dried, prune) that is a rich source of several potent antioxidants.

Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae

Pueraria lobata

pullulan

A glucan gum produced by a skin-friendly black yeast that contains polysaccharides, making it a good hydrating ingredient, thickener, and antioxidant.

pumpkin

Plant whose seeds are a rich source of fatty acids and several antioxidant components, including...

pumpkin seed extract

Type of squash that is a very good source of antioxidant cartenoids. Pumpkin seed oil and extract...

Punica granatum extract

pycnogenol

Antioxidant derived from the bark of the French Maritime pine tree

pyridoxine hydrochloride (HCL)

Scientific name for vitamin B6; may have antioxidant benefits for skin when...

rapeseed oil

Nonfragrant oil that has emollient and potential antioxidant properties for skin (Source: British...

raspberry seed extract

raspberry seed oil

sodium hyaluronate

The salt form of hyaluronic acid. Like its sister ingredient, it’s considered an excellent moisturizer, helping skin retain water so it looks and feels smoother. It is more bioavailable than hyaluronic acid, meaning it is more readily absorbed by skin.

sodium metabisulfite

Reducing agent that alters the structure of hair. It can also be used as a preservative in...

Solanum lycopersicum extract

soy extract

Potent antioxidant and soothing agent for skin...

soy isoflavones

soy oil

Soy oil is a non-fragrant plant oil with multiple uses for skin.

Spiraea ulmaria (meadowsweet) extract

Spiraea ulmaria extract, commonly known as meadowsweet, is a plant whose various parts have been shown to calm factors in skin that lead to signs of irritation.

spirulina

squalane

Squalane is a moisturising ingredient that’s also a source of skin-replenishing fatty acids and antioxidants.

squalene

Oil derived from shark liver or from plants (usually olives). It is a natural component...

St. John's wort

Contains several components that are harmful to skin in the presence of sunlight (Sources: Planta...

star anise

superoxide dismutase

Enzyme considered to be an antioxidant...

red algae

red clover

Can have antioxidant and soothing properties...

Rubus idaeus (raspberry) fruit extract

Red raspberry gets its red color from the presence of antioxidant compounds known as anthocyanins.

resveratrol

Potent polyphenolic antioxidant that is abundant in red grapes and, therefore, in red wine...

retinol

Retinol is a powerhouse ingredient that has value for skin on several fronts: It’s a skin-restoring, wrinkle-smoothing, firming ingredient and an antioxidant.

retinyl ascorbate

An ester of vitamin A (retinoic acid) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) that functions as an antioxidant...

retinyl palmitate

Combination of retinol (pure vitamin A) and the fatty acid palmitic acid. Research has shown...

Robinia pseudacacia extract

Rosa canina

Rosa centifolia

Rosa centifolia flower

Rosa eglanteria

Rosa mosqueta

Rosa roxburghii extract

Extract from the chestnut rose; can be a source of antioxidants for skin, and does not impart...

Rosa rubiginosa

rose hip

rose hip oil

Good emollient oil that has antioxidant properties (Sources: Journal of Agricultural Food...

rosemary extract

Extract that can have antioxidant benefit for skin (Source: Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry,...

rosemary oil

Fragrant plant oil derived from rosemary, Latin name Rosmarinus officinalis. This ingredient is primarily used as a fragrance in cosmetics...

Rosmarinus officinalis extract

Rubus idaeus

Rubus occidentalis

Rubus ursinus

Rubus ursinus x idaeus

Rubus villoscus

The Latin name for blackberry fruit extract. This plant extract has antioxidant ability...

rutin

Bioflavonoid that is extracted from various plants and used in cosmetics as an antioxidant and...

Saccharomyces copper ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of copper ions. There is no known benefit for skin,...

Saccharomyces iron ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of iron ions.

Saccharomyces lysate

Saccharomyces lysate is a probiotic yeast obtained by fermentation.

Saccharomyces magnesium ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of magnesium ions.

Saccharomyces manganese ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of manganese ions.

Saccharomyces potassium ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of potassium ions.

saccharomyces selenium ferment

An ingredient created by the fermentation of the Saccharomyces yeast with the mineral selenium.

Saccharomyces silicon ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of silicon ions.

Saccharomyces zinc ferment

Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of zinc ions.

safflower seed oil

Emollient oil derived from the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) plant.

Sambucus canadensis

Sambucus cerulea

Blue elderberry. May have antioxidant properties for skin.

Sambucus nigra

When taken orally, this has antioxidant properties (Source: Journal of Agricultural Food...

Sapindus mukurossi peel extract

A plant extract that is a natural source of saponin...

saponin

Group of natural carbohydrates, found in plants, that have considerable potential...

Sargassum filipendula extract

Scutellaria baicalensis root extract

Scutellaria baicalensis root extract comes from a flowering plant native to China.

sea buckthorn

Also known as seaberry, sea buckthorn is a good source of vitamin C as well as various B vitamins, and vitamin E.

Seamollient

Trade name for an algae extract.

seaweed

Group of sea plants (scientific name: algae) of all sizes and shapes, and having a gelatin-like...

selenium

Mineral considered to be a potent antioxidant...

sericin

Scientific name for silk protein.

serine

shea butter

Shea butter is a plant lipid extracted from the karite tree that is used as an emollient in cosmetics.

silk

silk protein

Protein substance (also called sericin) formed by converting silk, which is the soft, lustrous...

silver tip white tea leaf extract

Silybum marianum extract

skin-restoring ingredients

Skincare ingredients that nourish skin’s surface in a way that helps transform it on many levels...

skullcap extract

Herbal extract from Scutellaria baicalensis that has antioxidant soothing properties...

soapberry extract

Extract from the tree Sapindus saponaria. The berries contain a good amount of Saponins.

sodium ascorbate

sodium citrate

Used primarily to control the pH level of a product, this ingredient also has antioxidant and preservative properties.

tannic acid

Polyphenol that's considered a very good antioxidant…

tea tree oil

Also known as Melaleuca, from the name of its native Australian plant source, Melaleuca alternifolia.

tetradibutyl pentaerithrityl hydroxyhydrocinnamate

tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate

Form of vitamin C that protects skin from oxidative damage and collagen breakdown.

tetrahydrobisdemethoxycurcumin

Antioxidant and skin-soothing plant extract.

tetrahydrobisdemethoxydiferuloylmethane

A synthetic antioxidant derived from curcumin.

tetrahydrodemethoxycurcumin

tetrahydrodemethoxydiferuloylmethane

A synthetic antioxidant that provides the beneficial effects of the natural antioxidant curcumin. Known collectively as curcuminoids, these compounds exert a skin-soothing benefit.

tetrahydrodiferuloylmethane

Antioxidant and skin-soothing plant extract.

tetrahydromethoxycurcumin

Antioxidant and skin-soothing plant extract.

thioctic acid

An enzyme that, when applied topically, offers beneficial antioxidant properties to help overcome aging factors and visible signs sun damage.

thiodipropionic acid

Acid-based synthetic antioxidant. There is no research pertaining to its benefit for skin, but in...

thiotaurine

Amino acid. Potentially, it can have antioxidant properties for skin...

threonine

thyme extract

Extract derived from the leaf or flower of the thyme plant. It can have potent antioxidant...

thyme oil

The most concentrated part of the thyme plant, and a source of antioxidants, some of which...

Thymus serpillum extract

Extract of wild thyme.

Thymus vulgaris

Thymus vulgaris oil

Thymus vulgaris oil is more commonly known as thyme oil.

Tilia cordata

tocopherol

One of four forms of vitamin E. It can be naturally or synthetically derived. Regardless of its origin, tocopherol has potent oil-soluble antioxidant properties and can help defend skin from pollution and environmental stressors.

tocopherol acetate

tocopheryl acetate

tocopheryl lineolate

tocotrienols

Potent forms of vitamins E that are considered stable and powerful antioxidants. These forms of...

tomato extract

Extract that has weak antioxidant properties...

Trifolium pratense

troxerutin

A flavonoid ingredient that's extracted from the Japanese plant Sophora japonica.

tryptophan

turmeric

Turmeric is a spice made from the dried, ground root of the Curcuma longa plant.

ubiquinone

it is a vitamin-like, fat-soluble substance.

Ulva lactuca extract

Extract from the plant known as sea lettuce, it has some soothing and antioxidant...

Undaria pinnatifida (algae) extract

Undaria pinnatifida, also known as brown algae, is a type of seaweed that’s also edible.

Uva ursi extract

Vaccinium macrocarpon fruit extract

Latin term for cranberry.

Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) fruit extract

Bilberry is one of the best sources of antioxidant compounds known as anthocyanins.

valine

Vanilla planifolia fruit extract

Vanilla planifolia fruit extract is a natural ingredient used in skin care primarily for its antioxidant benefits.

Viola tricolor extract

vitamin A

vitamin C

Vitamin C is a top rated skin care ingredient to help maintain healthy-looking and radiant skin...

vitamin D

A fat-soluble vitamin (technically, it's a hormone) that may have antioxidant, soothing, and...

vitamin E

One of the most well-known and researched antioxidants for the body and for skin. Vitamin E occurs...

vitamin F

Name sometimes used to represent essential fatty acids of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. These...

walnut extract

Extract that can have antioxidant properties...

watercress extract

Research indicates that watercress extracts can have antioxidant activity, but that information is limited...

watermelon fruit extract

Extract from the fruit Citrullus lantus, commonly known as watermelon...

white tea leaf extract

Extract from the minimally processed buds and leaves of green tea. There is research showing that...

witch hazel

Commonly used plant extract that can have antioxidant properties...

xanthophyll

Also known as lutein, this is a cartenoid pigment from plants that functions as an antioxidant.

Ximenia americana oil

Latin name for plum oil; it can have emollient properties.

yeast

Group of fungi that ferment sugars. Yeast is a source of beta-glucan, which is a good antioxidant....

yeast extract

yerba mate extract

Plant ingredient used in the preparation of the most popular tea-like beverage in South America. It has...

ylang ylang

Fragrant, volatile oil that can also be a skin sensitizer…

yucca extract

Plant extract that can have soothing benefits...

zinc

There is growing evidence that zinc can be a significant soothing agent and antioxidant. It also can...

zinc oxide

Zinc oxide is an inert earth mineral used as a thickening, whitening, lubricating, and sunscreen ingredient in cosmetics.

Sambucus nigra (elderberry) fruit extract

Sambucus nigra is a dark purple to black shrub-growing berry with potent antioxidant properties.

Pongamia glabra seed oil

Oil derived from the seeds of the Millettia pinnata tree, a plant native to South and Southeast Asia...

Tripleurospermum maritimum extract

Also known as false mayweed or sea mayweed, this plant extract encompasses the entire plant. Raw material...

Dunaliella salina extract

A type of micro-algae that’s known for being adaptable and able to survive even in harsh natural conditions. It’s a rich source...

Vaccinum Angustifolium (blueberry) fruit extract

Blueberry fruit extract is rich in antioxidants, such as anthocyanins and flavonoids.

Rhodiola rosea root extract

The extract of the plant Rhodiola rosea, also known as Arctic root or golden root, that is high in antioxidants and flavonoids.

Peucedanum graveolens (dill) extract

A plant extract with research showing it can improve skin’s resiliency and work as an antioxidant. Dill also has a calming action on sensitised skin.

clary sage

Also known as Salvia sclarea, the extract from the clary sage plant (not to be confused with common sage leaf) has antioxidant properties, although it isn’t nearly as well researched as several other plant extracts with antioxidant benefits...

glyceryl ascorbate

A vitamin C derivative, it serves as an antioxidant in skincare products.

propyl gallate

An ester of gallic acid that is an antioxidant, and helps protect fats and oils used in cosmetics products from becoming rancid...

glycyrrhetinic acid

One of the components of licorice root extract...

physalis angulata extract

This plant extract has a potent calming effect on skin.

tremella fuciformis sporocarp extract

hydrolyzed acacia macrostachya seed extract

The extract from the seed of the Acacia macrostachya plant, a tropical shrub.

guava

Guava extract is a rich source of bioactive antioxidants including gallic acid, quercetin, and tocopherol.

Melia azadirachta extract

The chinaberry is a popular plant throughout India, where use of every part of the plant can be seen in the practice of Ayurvedic medicine.

hydrolyzed eruca sativa (arugula) leaf

When applied to skin, arugula is a good source of antioxidants and minerals to help defend skin from environmental damage.

Argania spinosa kernel oil

Argania spinosa kernel oil is the latin name for the oil expressed from the kernels of the argan tree.

Prunus serotina (wild cherry) fruit extract

Commonly known as black cherry, wild cherry extract is a potent source of antioxidants, notably several kinds of antioxidants known as polyphenols.

almond/borage/linseed/olive acids glycerides

A mixture of the fatty acid and triglyceride components of several non-fragrant plant oils, including almond, borage, linseed, and olive.

hydrolyzed algae extract

The hydrolyzed form of algae extract, and a rich source of polysaccharides for skin.

Optunia ficus-indica stem extract

A type of cactus also known as prickly pear whose stem is a bountiful source of antioxidant compounds known as polyphenols.

Melia azadirachta (chinaberry) leaf extract

Latin term for the extract from the leaf of the neem plant.

Psidium guajava fruit extract

Guava extract is a rich source of bioactive antioxidants including gallic acid, quercetin, and tocopherol.

Eclipta prostrata extract

An annual plant common to Korea, Eclipta prostrata has potent antioxidant and skin-calming properties.

Butyrosperum parkii (shea) butter extract

Butyrosperum parkii (shea) butter extract doesn’t just have a rich texture; it’s also a rich source of antioxidants and replenishing antioxidants.

Panax ginseng root extract

Ginseng is a popular herbal supplement. When applied topically it delivers antioxidant benefits, boosts hydration, and helps visibly improve signs of skin aging.

Ahnfeltiopsis concinna extract

Ahnfeltiopsis concinna extract is a type of red algae with calming and hydrating properties for skin.

ginseng

Ginseng is a popular herbal supplement. When applied topically it delivers antioxidant benefits, boosts hydration, and helps visibly improve signs of skin aging.

potassium azeloyl diglycinate

Multitasker that improves uneven tone, soothes skin, and balances oil production while also hydrating skin.

Moringa oleifera seed oil

Moringa oil is a non-fragrant plant oil that contains several antioxidants and vitamins.

Actinidia chinensis (kiwi fruit) extract

Actinidia chinensis (kiwi fruit) extract is an excellent source of antioxidants, including vitamin C.

Coffea arabica (coffee) fruit extract

Coffee fruit extract is an excellent antioxidant when applied to skin, or consumed orally.

Anastatica hierochuntica extract

Anastatica hierochuntica extract, also known as Rose of Jericho, has research showing it is a potent antioxidant and soothing ingredient.

Schisandra chinensis (magnolia) fruit extract

Also known as five flavour fruit and Chinese magnolia vine, magnolia fruit is a small red berry loaded with beneficial compounds. Learn more at paulaschoice.com

Fragaria vesca (strawberry) fruit extract

Strawberry’s red colour comes from its high amount of antioxidant compounds known as anthocyanins.

mannitol

Mannitol is a plant-derived or lab-made sugar that works in skin care to bind moisture and condition.

Coccinia indica (ivy gourd) fruit extract

Ivy gourd is a fruit that acts as a natural skin-conditioning agent.

Myrciaria dubia (camu camu) fruit extract

Camu camu is a small berry that, especially when fully ripe, possesses strong antioxidant capacity due to its levels of vitamin C.

Plinia cauliflora (jabuticaba) fruit extract

Jabuticaba is a dark berry native to Brazil and, like many berries, is a rich source of nearly a dozen polyphenolic antioxidants.

Emblica officinalis (gooseberry) fruit extract

Also known as amla, the fruit extract from gooseberry is among the richest plant sources of antioxidants.

Hippophae Rhamnoides (seaberry) fruit extract

Also known as sea buckthorn, seaberry is a good source of vitamin C as well as various B vitamins, vitamin E.

Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) peel extract

Mangosteen is a fruit with a sweet and sour flavour and is native to several Asian countries.

Aristotelia chilensis (maqui)

Maqui, also known as Chilean wineberry, is a richly-colored berry that contains a potent type of antioxidant anthocyanidin known as delphinidins.

Silybum marianum (milk thistle) fruit extract

Silymarin marianum is a plant whose many components have pronounced antioxidant and skin-calming ability.

Thermus thermophillus ferment

Thermus thermophillus ferment is the natural result from the fermentation of Thermus thermophilus, a bacterium that can live thousands of feet below the ocean’s surface.

ascorbic acid

Pure vitamin C, the primary antioxidant in skin. Works as an antioxidant, wrinkle-reducer, and helps fade discolourations.

Astragalus membranaceus

Latin name for the Chinese herb Huang-Qi, also known as milk vetch.

caffeic acid

Antioxidant that has multiple benefits for skin…

carnosine

Composed of amino acids, it has soothing and antioxidant properties...

catalase

Enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen and that has significant antioxidant...

chitosan

Derived from chitin, a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of shrimp, lobster, and crabs. It...

cinnamon

Can have antioxidant properties when applied to skin...

hyaluronic acid

Component of skin that is used in skincare products as a good restorative ingredient....

Lentinus edodes extract

Extract from the shiitake mushroom that may have antioxidant properties...

lycopene

Carotenoid pigment that has potent antioxidant properties…

magnesium ascorbyl phosphate

Form of vitamin C that is considered stable and an effective antioxidant for skin (Sources:...

Persicaria hydropiper

Also known as water pepper. All parts of this plant extract have been shown in vitro to be not only...

phytic acid

Component of plants that has antioxidant properties.

Poria cocos extract

Also known as Hoelen and Fu ling. Extract derived from a mushroom, which has antioxidant and...

quercetin

A bioflavonoid ingredient from plants. Quercetin occurs naturally in red wine, tea, onions, kale, tomatoes, berries, and many other fruits and vegetables...

sodium ascorbyl phosphate

Sodium ascorbyl phosphate is a stable, water-soluble form of vitamin C that functions as an antioxidant.

Vitis vinifera

Latin name for the vines that produce wine grapes. More commonly known as grape seed oil or grape...

Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) fruit extract

Vaccinium vitis-idaea (also known as lingonberry) is a wild-growing Scandinavian-native berry that’s similar in nutrient profile and size with its plant “cousin”, blueberry.

Agastache mexicana (hyssop) flower/leaf/stem extract

Agastache mexicana (also known as hyssop) is a flowering shrub native to North America that’s an edible plant with an anise-like flavor and aroma.

Butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) unsaponifiables

A highly moisturising portion of shea butter that also has soothing and barrier-repairing benefits that are very helpful for dry skin and lips.

Portulaca pilosa extract

Natural ingredient that’s a rich source of potent, effective antioxidants skin needs to look and act younger. Also contains hydrating saccharides.

pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate

Lab-engineered antioxidant used in a variety of skin care and personal care products to improve formula and colour stability while ensuring consistent efficacy of more fragile antioxidants.

Terminalia chebula fruit extract

Terminalia chebula is an Ayurvedic plant extract that’s native to South Asia, where it’s known as “The King of Medicine”.

Lupinus albus (white lupine) seed oil

Lupinus albus (white lupine) seed oil is a non-fragrant plant oil whose unsaturated fatty acid content consists primarily of oleic and erucic acids.

Chrysanthellum indicum (golden chamomile) extract

Chrysanthellum indicum is a form of chamomile that, like other forms, has soothing properties when applied to skin.

manuka honey

Manuka honey is a type of honey found in many skin care products.

Polygonum cuspidatum root extract

Polygonum cuspidatum root extract is a plant whose root is a good source of the potent polyphenolic antioxidant trans-resveratrol.

Silybum marianum seed oil

Silybum marianum seed oil comes from the milk thistle plant.

Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) flower extract

Clitoria ternatea is a perennial herb more commonly known as butterfly pea because of the pea-shaped, wing-like flowers it produces.

Pelvetia canaliculata (algae) extract

Pelvetia canaliculata is a type of brown seaweed also known as Channeled wrack.

Rubus chamaemorus (cloudberry) fruit extract

Rubus chamaemorus (also known as cloudberry) is a plant grown primarily in Scandinavian countries whose golden-red berries are rich sources of anthocyanins, beta-carotene, and vitamin E.

hydroxyacetophenone

Hydroxyacetophenone is a synthetic antioxidant and skin-conditioning ingredient.

hydrolysed rhodophycea (red algae) extract

Hydrolysed rhodophycea is a type of red algae that, like most other types used in skin care products, helps improve skin’s hydration.

Raphanus sativus (radish) seed oil

Raphanus sativus (radish) seed oil is non-fragrant plant oil that’s a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids.

hydrogenated rapeseed oil

Hydrogenated rapeseed oil works as an emollient, thickening agent, and occlusive.

Betula alba (birch) juice

Betula alba juice is the sap from the birch tree.