Alphabetical Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary from Paula Begoun, the Cosmetics Cop

1, 2-Hexanediol

A preservative belonging to a class of agents known as higher molecular glycols.

10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid

A synthetic ingredient that functions as a skin-conditioning and occlusive agent.

4-T-butylcyclohexanol

A synthetic fatty alcohol that functions as an emollient and soothing agent...

Acacia farnesiana extract

A fragrant extract from a type of acacia tree. There is no research showing it to have any benefit...

acacia senegal gum

Herb that can have skin soothing properties, but is used primarily as a thickening agent.

acai

Acai (pronounced “ah-sigh-ee”) is a small berry with a deep purple colour. It is a potent source of antioxidants.

acetic acid

Acid found in vinegar, some fruits, and human sweat. It can be sensitizing to skin...

acetone

Strong solvent that is used in Nail Polish removers.

acetylated castor oil

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

acetylated hydrogenated cottonseed glyceride

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

acetylated lanolin

Emollient derived from lanolin.

acetylated lanolin alcohol

An ester of lanolin alcohol uses as an emollient and occlusive agent. An ester is a compound formed...

acetylated palm kernel glycerides

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

acetyl carnitine HCL

acetyl glucosamine

Amino acid sugar and primary constituent of mucopolysaccharides and hyaluronic acid.

acetyl glyceryl ricinoleate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

acetyl hexapeptide-1

Acetyl hexapeptide-1 is a synthetic peptide composed of the amino acids alanine, arginine, histidine, leucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan.

acetyl hexapeptide-37

Acetyl hexapeptide-37 is a synthetic peptide composed of the amino acids alanine, proline, serine and glycine.

acetyl hexapeptide-8

Acetyl hexapeptide-8 is a synthetically-derived peptide that, like all peptides, has water-binding properties and skin-restoring ability.

acetyl octapeptide-3

A synthetic peptide that is based around octapeptide-3, a peptide complex composed of the amino acids aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, and methionine...

acetyl tetrapeptide-11

Acetyl tetrapeptide-11 is a synthetic peptide that helps skin look and feel healthier.

acetyl tetrapeptide-5

Acetyl tetrapeptide-5 is a synthetic peptide that has calming, smoothing, hydrating, and firmness-enhancing benefits when applied to skin.

acetyl tetrapeptide-9

Acetyl tetrapeptide-9 is a synthetic peptide that helps visibly restore skin's natural support.

acetyl tributyl citrate

Related to citric acid and used as a plasticizer, most commonly in nail polish and nail-hardening...

acetyl tyrosine

An amino acid complex that functions as a skin-conditioning agent. There is no research proving it...

Achillea millefolium

acid

Anything with a pH lower than 7 is considered acidic—above 7 is considered alkaline. Water has a pH...

acne soap

Soaps that often contain strong cleansing ingredients, they are often overly drying and...

acrylate

acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer

A synthetic ingredient used to enhance the texture of skincare and haircare products.

acrylates/dimethicone copolymer

A silicone-enhanced film-forming agent. Also functions as a binding agent so products adhere better...

acrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer

A synthetic polymer that blends stearth-20 with one or more forms of methacrylic acid. Functions as...

acrylates copolymer

Actaea racemosa

Actinidia chinensis (kiwi fruit) extract

Actinidia chinensis (kiwi fruit) extract is an excellent source of antioxidants, including vitamin C.

adenosine

Yeast-derived ingredient that functions as a good soothing and skin-restoring agent.

adenosine phosphate

Also known as AMP, adenosine phosphate is a skin-soothing and restoring ingredient that's similar to adenosine triphosphate.

adenosine triphosphate

An organic compound from adenosine, which is formed by the hydrolysis of yeast nucleic acids. All...

adipic acid/neopentyl glycol/trimellitic anhydride copolymer

A synthetic polymer.

advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)

Advanced glycation endproducts, also known as AGEs, are caused by the body's major fuel source, namely glucose.

Aerocarpus santalinus

Aesculus hippocastanum

agar

Agastache mexicana (hyssop) flower/leaf/stem extract

Agastache mexicana (also known as hyssop) is a flowering shrub native to North America that’s an edible plant with an anise-like flavor and aroma.

AGE

Agrimonia eupatoria leaf extract

Research shows this plant extract has antioxidant properties....

AHA

AHA, also known as alpha hydroxy acid, exfoliates skin and improves signs of ageing, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.

Ahnfeltia concinna extract

ahnfeltia extract

Ahnfeltiopsis concinna extract

Ahnfeltiopsis concinna extract is a type of red algae with calming and hydrating properties for skin.

alanine

Alaria esculenta

albumin

Found in egg white, and can leave a film over skin. It can constrict skin temporarily, which can...

alcloxa

More technically known as aluminum chlorhydroxy allantoinate, alcloxa has constricting properties...

alcohol

A group of organic compounds with a vast range of forms and uses in cosmetics...

Aleurites moluccana seed oil

alfalfa extract

Can be an antioxidant in skincare products…

algae

Algae are very simple, chlorophyll-containing organisms in a family that includes more than 20,000...

algae extract

algin

Brown algae.

aliphatic hydrocarbon

Hydrocarbon contained in natural gas and mineral oils. It is a synthetic fluid with varying...

alkaline

Anything with a pH higher than 7 is alkaline; a pH below 7 is acidic. Water has a pH of 7; skin has...

alkyloamides

Identified on skin-care product labels as DEA, triethanolamine (TEA), and monoethanolamine (MEA),...

allantoin

By-product of uric acid extracted from urea and considered an effective skin-soothing and skin-conditioning agent.

allyl methacrylates crosspolymer

A synthetic, non-aqueous polymer whose chief function is film-forming agent.

almond/borage/linseed/olive acids glycerides

A mixture of the fatty acid and triglyceride components of several non-fragrant plant oils, including almond, borage, linseed, and olive.

almond oil

Non-volatile oil extracted from the seeds of almonds and used as an emollient.

Aloe barbadensis

aloe barbadensis leaf juice extract

aloe barbadensis leaf juice powder

This form of aloe is the powder form of the aloe barbadensis leaf plant...

aloe extract

aloe juice

aloe vera

There is no real evidence that aloe vera (Aloe barbadenis) helps the skin in any significant way....

alpha bisabolol

alpha glucan oligosaccharide

Emollient used in cosmetics that also has water-binding properties.

alpha hydroxy acid

alpha isomethyl ionone

Alpha isomethyl ionone is a fragrance ingredient that must be listed on products that contain it due to its risk of causing a sensitized reaction.

alpha lipoic acid

Alpha lipoic acid is an enzyme that, when applied topically on skin, appears to be a very good antioxidant, and is believed to have numerous soothing effects.

alpha-tocopherol

Alteromonas ferment extract

Alteromonas is found in deep areas of seawater.

Althaea rosea

Althea officinalis

Latin name for the marshmallow plant.

alumina

Aluminum oxide, which is used as an abrasive, a thickening agent, and an absorbent in cosmetics.

aluminum

Aluminum is the most common element on Earth. It's also a common source of confusion in terms of its presence in cosmetics, specifically whether that presence poses a health risk.

Aluminum hydroxide

A synthetic ingredient that functions as an opacifying agent. Secondary uses...

aluminum magnesium silicate

Salt that has absorbent properties.

aluminum powder

Metallic element used as a coloring agent. It is composed of finely ground particles of aluminum....

aluminum silicate

Salt that has absorbent and abrasive properties.

aluminum starch octenylsuccinate

Powdery thickening agent, absorbent, and anticaking agent used in cosmetics.

aluminum stearate

The aluminum salt of stearic acid that functions as a thickening agent and helps stabilize products.

aluminum sulfate

It can sensitizing to skin.

amino acids

Amino acids are fundamental constituents of all proteins found in the body.

aminobutyric acid

Amino acid that has water-binding properties and may provide soothing benefits for skin. It...

aminomethyl propanediol

Used to adjust pH in cosmetics.

aminomethyl propanol

Aminomethyl propanol is a synthetic ingredient used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster.

ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer

A synthetic polymer and film-forming agent that also serves to thicken cosmetic formulas...

ammonium chloride

Alkaline salt used as a pH balancer in skincare products; it is not used in concentrations that...

ammonium glycolate

Synthetic form of glycolic acid used as a pH adjuster and exfoliant. It is sometimes paired with...

ammonium hydroxide

Clear, colorless liquid used in cosmetics to adjust a product's pH level. Ammonium hydroxide is...

ammonium laureth sulfate

Can be derived from coconut; used primarily as a detergent cleansing agent and is considered gentle...

ammonium lauryl sulfate

Can be derived from coconut; used primarily as a detergent cleansing agent and is considered gentle...

amodimethicone

amygdalic acid

amyl cinnamate

Fragrant component.

amyl salicylate

Fragrant component.

amyris oil

Fragrant oil. It has no other known benefit for skin.

Anacyclus pyrethrum

Anacystis nidulans extract

Ananas sativus fruit extract

Anastatica hierochuntica extract

Anastatica hierochuntica extract, also known as Rose of Jericho, has research showing it is a potent antioxidant and soothing ingredient.

andiroba oil

Extracted from the Brazilian mahogany tree; it has soothing properties (Source:...

Anethum graveolens

Angelica archangelica root oil

Volatile oil obtained from the angelica plant. The oil contains chemical constituents that can be...

Angelica polymorpha sinensis root extract

anhydroxylitol

A natural, plant-derived ingredient that acts as a humectant to help skin absorb and retain moisture.

anisaldehyde

Synthetic fragrance used in cosmetics.

anise

Also known as aniseed, it can have antioxidant properties...

annato extract

Natural plant colorant derived from the flesh surrounding the seed of Bixa orellana, a shrub native...

Anthemis nobilis flower extract

anthocyanin

Group of naturally occurring substances found in plants that give fruits, vegetables, and plants...

antioxidant

General term for a large group of natural and synthetic ingredients that work to reduce...

apple fruit extract

General name for various types of apples, all of which have potent antioxidant ability that, at least in theory, can benefit skin when applied topically.

apricot kernel

Often used as an abrasive agent in so-called "natural" scrubs. Apricot kernals have irregular and...

apricot kernel oil

Emollient plant oil pressed from the seeds of apricots, and similar to other nonfragrant plant oils.

arachidic acid

Derived from peanut oil and used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

arachidyl alcohol

Waxy substance used as a thickening agent and emollient in cosmetics.

arachidyl glucoside

A mild surfactant (cleansing) and emulsifying agent, made from...

arachidyl propionate

Waxy substance used as a thickening agent and emollient in cosmetics.

Arachis hypogaea extract

Extract of the plant commonly known as the peanut. It can have emollient and skin soothing...

arbutin

Isolated from the leaves of the bearberry shrub, cranberry, blueberry, some...

Arctium lappa

Arctium majus

Arctostaphylos uva ursi leaf

Argania spinosa

Argania spinosa kernel oil

Argania spinosa kernel oil is the latin name for the oil expressed from the kernels of the argan tree.

argan oil

Non-fragrant plant oil expressed from the kernels of argan trees. Argan oil contains several beneficial lipids and fatty acids for skin...

arginine

Amino acid that has antioxidant properties and can be helpful for soothing skin (Sources: Journal...

Argireline

Aristotelia chilensis (maqui)

Maqui, also known as Chilean wineberry, is a richly-colored berry that contains a potent type of antioxidant anthocyanidin known as delphinidins.

arnica extract

Extract from the plant Arnica montana. There is research showing that when arnica is taken orally...

aroma/flavor

Seeing "aroma/flavor" on an ingredient list can be either good or bad. For example, if the aroma or flavor comes from mint....

arrowroot

Thickening agent; it has no known benefit for skin.

artemia extract

Artemisia absinthium extract

Artemisia vulgaris

Ascophyllum nodosum

Species of seaweed.

ascorbic acid

Form of vitamin C that has antioxidant properties (Sources: Advances in Experimental Medicine and...

ascorbyl glucosamine

Form of vitamin C that has little research showing it has the antioxidant or brightening...

ascorbyl glucoside

Ascorbyl glucoside is a stable form of vitamin C that works well with other beneficial ingredients to help skin look smoother, brighter, and younger.

ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate

Form of vitamin C that is considered stable and that functions as an antioxidant and thickening...

ascorbyl palmitate

Stable and nonacidic form of vitamin C that is effective as an antioxidant (Source: Biochemical and...

asparagine

Asparagopsis armata extract

Extract derived from seaweed.

aspartic acid

astaxanthin

astaxanthin extract

Carotenoid (carotene pigment) found in plants, algae, and fish, particularly salmon, that functions...

Astragalus membranaceus

Latin name for the Chinese herb Huang-Qi, also known as milk vetch.

Astragalus sinicus

Astrocaryum murumuru seed butter

A non-fragrant vegetable fat that's nearly solid at room temperature (much like dairy butter). It functions as an emollient ingreident that works to keep...

ATP

Atractyloydes lancea root extract

Also known as Chinese Thistle Daisy, this root extract is used in Chinese and Japanese alternative...

Avena sativa

See oatmeal, oat bran extract, gluten ingredients…

avobenzone

Synthetic sunscreen ingredient (also known as Parsol 1789 and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane) that...

avocado oil

Emollient oil similar to other nonfragrant plant oils. It has antioxidant properties.

awapuhi

English name for wild ginger.

Azadirachta indica

azelaic acid

A type of acid known as a dicarboxylic acid derived from grains that offers numerous benefits when applied to skin.

azelaoyl bis-dipeptide-10

Azelaoyl bis-dipeptide-10 is a synthetic peptide built around naturally-derived azelaic acid that offers brightening and antioxidant benefits.

Azelex

azuki beans

Legumes that are often ground up for use in skincare scrub products.

azulene

Chamomile extract used primarily as a coloring agent in cosmetics. It can have antioxidant and...

babassu oil

Babassu oil comes from the seed of the Orbignya oleifera plant, which is native to Brazil.

bakuchiol

An antioxidant found in the seeds and leaves of the plant Psoralea corylifolia...

balm mint extract

Extract derived from a fragrant plant; it poses some risk of causing skin sensitivity…

balsam peru

Fatty resin that when applied topically can cause skin sensitivity…

Bambusa vulgaris (bamboo) leaf/stem extract

Extract from the common bamboo plant. Like many plant extracts, research has shown...

banana extract

Extract from banana fruit that has some weak antioxidant properties (Source: Free Radical Research,...

barberry

Plant whose primary component, berberine, is an alkaloid that can have soothing properties and...

barium sulfate

Barium sulfate is an inorganic salt that occurs in nature.

barley extract

Extract from barley plants. Can have antioxidant properties when ingested, but there is no research...

batyl alcohol

Derived from glycerin and used as a stabilizing ingredient and skin-conditioning agent.

bay leaf oil

Has the potential to provide antioxidant benefits for skin…

bearberry extract

Latin name Arctostaphylos uva ursi, there is research showing that this extract has soothing...

bee pollen

Can have antioxidant properties (Source: Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, April 2001, pages...

beeswax

Substance made by bees to build the walls of their honeycomb. It is a thickening agent that has...

beet root extract

Powdered base of the stem (root) of the Beta vulgaris plant. Used as a coloring agent. As with most...

beheneth-5

A synthetic or plant-derived derivative of polyethylene glycol and behenyl alcohol that functions as an emulsifier and can also be a surfactant.

behenic acid

Fatty acid used as a thickening agent and surfactant.

behentrimonium chloride

Skin-conditioning agent and emulsifier.

behenyl alcohol

Thickening agent used in cosmetics. It is not related to irritating forms of alcohol.

behenyl behenate

Behenyl behenate is the wax-like ester of the fatty acid behenic acid and fatty alcohol behenyl alcohol.

Bellis perennis

bentonite

Type of clay that is used as an absorbent in cosmetics. It can be drying for skin, though its...

benzalkonium chloride

Used as a preservative in skincare products. There is no research showing it...

benzephenone-3

Also called oxybenzone, a sunscreen agent that protects skin primarily from the sun’s UVB rays and...

benzoic acid

Preservative used in skincare products; it is considered less sensitizing than some other forms of...

benzoin extract

Balsam resin that has some fragrant properties; it may also be sensitizing to skin…

benzophenone

Group of compounds used in cosmetics as sunscreen agents to protect mostly from UVB radiation and...

benzothonium chloride

Compound used as a preservative in cosmetics. It is generally considered less sensitizing…

benzoyl peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide is considered the most effective over-the-counter topical acne treatment. Learn more.

benzyl alcohol

An organic alcohol that occurs naturally in some fruits (apricots, cranberries) and teas.

benzyl salicylate

A volatile fragrance chemical with a sweet, floral odor used to impart scent to cosmetic products and perfumes.

Berberis aristata

bergamot oil

A volatile citrus oil that, when used topically, is a photosensitizer...

Bertholletia excelsa extract

beta-carotene

Member of the carotenoid family. There are hundreds of carotenoids, including lycopene and lutein....

beta-glucan

Polysaccharide sugar derived from yeast or oats. It has some antioxidant properties and is a skin-soothing agent.

beta hydroxy acid

betaine

Betaine is an ingredient that works to balance skin’s hydration.

betaine salicylate

An ingredient derived from sugar beets that is sometimes used as an alternative to...

beta-sitosterol

Beta-sitosterol is a fatty acid-type ingredient derived from plants, and is similar to cholesterol...

Beta vulgaris root extract

Betula alba

Betula alba (birch) juice

Betula alba juice is the sap from the birch tree.

BHA (beta hydroxy acid)

BHA, or beta hydroxy acid, is more commonly known as salicylic acid.

BHT

Butylated hydroxytoluene, a potent synthetic antioxidant that also has negative properties when...

bifida ferment lysate

A specific type of yeast obtained by the fermentation of Bifida...

bilberry extract

Some research shows bilberry (vaccinium myrtillis) to be effective as an antioxidant when ingested...

bioflavonoid

Diverse range of substances that are components of many fruits and vegetables. Many have been shown...

biotin

A water-soluble substance produced in the body by certain types of...

biotin/folic acid/cyanocobalamin/niacinamide/pantothenic acid/pyridoxine/riboflavin/thiamine/yeast polypeptides

A blend of several B vitamins plus peptides derived from a strain of lab-produced yeast.

birch bark extract

Extract derived from the plant Betula alba (common name white birch). It can have potent...

birch leaf extract

bisabolol

Can be extracted from chamomile or derived synthetically. It is an anti-irritant.

bis-diglyceryl polyacyladipate

Can be extracted from chamomile or derived synthetically. It is an skin-soothing ingredient.

bismuth oxychloride

Also known as synthetic pearl, it’s the primary ingredient included in most powders that are referred to as...

bis-PEG-18 methyl ether dimethyl silane

A synthetic skin conditioning agent and surfactant belonging to the chemical class of siloxanes and...

bis-phenylpropyl dimethicone

A synthetic, colorless, silicone-based polymer that...

bitter orange flower

blackberry

Berries that have antioxidant properties...

black cohosh

There is no research showing that black cohosh can have this or any effect…

black currant oil

Non-volatile plant oil.

black elderberry

When taken orally, this has antioxidant properties (Source: Journal of Agricultural Food...

black locust extract

Extract that can have antioxidant properties, although it also may have harmful...

black mulberry

Due to its arbutin content, this extract can have some value in improving the look of discolorations....

black pepper extract and oil

It can cause significant skin sensitivity...

black raspberry

Fruit that has antioxidant properties...

black tea

bladderwrack extract

Extract derived from seaweed; it can be an effective antioxidant and has water-binding properties...

bloodwort

Also known as yarrow.

blue 1

blue 1 lake

Boerhavia diffusa root extract

Extract from a flowering plant. Animal studies have shown that this plant has strong...

bois de rose oil

bois oil

Fragrant oil that has no research showing it has benefit for skin (Source: www.naturaldatabase.com).

borage seed extract

Extract of the plant Borago officinalis, it can have skni-soothing properties...

borage seed oil

Non-fragrant plant oil that contains gamma linolenic acid and other essential fatty acids for skin.

Borago officinalis extract

Borago officinalis seed oil

borate

Group of compounds used in cosmetics in small quantities primarily as pH adjusters (they have a pH...

borax

Also known as sodium borate decahydrate, borax is a mineral composed of sodium, boron, oxygen, and...

boric acid

May have skin soothing and restoring benefits…

boron nitride

Synthetic, inorganic powder, which in cosmetics has absorbent properties similar to those of...

Boswellia carterii

Boswellia serrata extract

An extract from the gum resin of a tree and also a source of Indian frankincense, this plant extract has both positive and negative qualities for skin.

botanicals

General term for a large group of natural ingredients. Botanicals may or may not be organic, and...

boysenberry

Berry that can have potent antioxidant properties (Source: Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry,...

Brassica campestris

Brazil nut extract

Extract for which there is a small amount of research showing it can have antioxidant properties...

broad spectrum

Term that, when applied to sunscreen, refers to a sunscreen’s ability to protect the skin from both...

bromelain

Bromelain is an extract from the pineapple that contains, among other components, various...

bronopol

Technical name 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, a formaldehyde-releasing preservative (Source:...

bronze powder

Mineral coloring agent derived from copper. Permanently listed (since 1977) by the FDA as a safe...

Buddleja davidii extract

Plant also known as summer lilac or butterfly bush (because the flowers are a food source for...

bumetrizole

Sunscreen ingredient that absorbs primarily UVB light.

Bupleurum falcatum extract

A plant used in Chinese medicine for a varitety of ailments ranging from the common cold to liver...

burdock root

Plant extract whose active constituents are skin soothing and antioxidant…

butyl acetate

Solvent used in nail polish and many other products.

butylene glycol

Commonly-used ingredient that has multiple functions in cosmetics, including....

butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane

butylparaben

Parabens are a group of controversial preservatives that include butylparaben...

butylphenyl methylpropional

Synthetic fragrance ingredient with a strong floral scent.

Butyrospermum fruit

Fruit from the karite tree, scientific name Butyrospermum parkii, from which the fat is obtained to...

Butyrospermum parkii

Butyrosperum parkii (shea) butter extract

Butyrosperum parkii (shea) butter extract doesn’t just have a rich texture; it’s also a rich source of antioxidants and replenishing antioxidants.

Buxus chinensis

C10-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters

Blend of cholesterol and fatty acid ester from lanolin. Functions as a skin conditioning agent.

C11-15 pareth-7

C11-15 pareth-7 is a lightweight, synthetic mixture of fatty alcohols and polyethylene glycols that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant.

C12-15 alkyl benzoate

Synthetic ingredient used as an emollient and texture enhancing agent in cosmetics.

C12-16 pareth-9

C12-16 pareth-9 is a lightweight, synthetic mixture of fatty alcohols and polyethylene glycols that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant.

C12-18 acid triglyceride

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

C13-14 isoparaffin

A petroleum-derived ingredient whose wax-like texture functions as a thickening or gelling agent.

C13-15 alkane

C13-15 alkane is a synthetic blend of alkanes that functions as a solvent.

C18-36 acid triglyceride

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

C20-40 pareth-40

Mixture of polyethylene glycols of various molecular weight that can function as stabilizing...

caffeic acid

Antioxidant that has multiple benefits for skin…

caffeine

Caffeine is the chief stimulant in beverages such as coffee and tea. It’s often included in skincare products with claims...

cajeputi oil

calamine

Preparation of zinc carbonate, colored with ferric oxide (a form of rust). Zinc carbonate is a...

calcium aluminum borosilicate

Calcium aluminum borosilicate is a mineral-derived thickening agent often used in powders.

calcium ascorbate

Form of vitamin C; other forms include ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, and...

calcium carbonate

Chalk; used as an absorbent in cosmetics.

calcium d-pantetheine-s-sulfonate

calcium gluconate

Calcium is an essential mineral for the body. A small amount of research shows calcium gluconate...

calcium pantothenate

Also known as pantothenic acid.

calcium PCA

Calcium PCA is the calcium salt of PCA (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid), which is a key component of skin’s natural moisturising factor, or NMF.

calendula extract

Extract derived from the plant commonly known as pot marigold, there is little research showing...

Calendula officinalis flower extract

Calluna vulgaris flower extract

Also known as heather extract, this plant has skin-soothing properties...

Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil

Camellia japonica flower extract

Camellia japonica flower extract is also known as Tsubaki, Japanese camellia, common camellia.

Camellia oleifera

Camellia sinensis

camphor

Aromatic substance obtained from the wood of a tree common to Southeast Asia, Cinnamomum camphora,...

cananga extract

Fragrance used in cosmetics; it can be sensitizing to skin, much like ylang ylang.

Cananga odorata

candelilla/jojoba/rice bran polyglyceryl-3 esters

A natural mixture of polyglycerin-3, candelilla wax, jojoba seed wax, and rice bran wax...

candelilla wax

Extract derived from candelilla plants; used as a thickening agent and emollient to give products...

cannabidiol

Cannabidiol is one of the components of the Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica plants.

Cannabis sativa oil

canola oil

Plant lipid that has skin restoring and soothing properties…

caprooyl phytosphingosine

A mixture of fatty acids caproic acid and phytosphingosine.

caprooyl sphingosine

A mixture of fatty acids caproic acid and sphingosine.

caprooyl tetrapeptide-3

A synthetic or plant-derived signal peptide that’s said to help to boost the...

caprylic/capric triglyceride

Derived from coconut oil and glycerin, it’s considered an excellent emollient and skin-replenishing ingredient.

capryloyl glycerin/sebacic acid copolymer

A naturally-derived (coconut and castor oil) or synthetic ingredient...

capryloyl glycine

A synthetic amino acid derivative that function as a conditioning agent or...

capryloyl salicylic acid

Capryloyl salicylic acid is a derivative (ester) of salicylic acid developed by L’Oreal.

caprylyl caprylate/caprate

A synthetic ester blend of medium chain fatty acids and fatty alcohol that works as an emollient.

caprylyl glycol

Skin and hair conditioning agent that may be plant-derived or synthetic. Often used as part of a...

caprylyl methicone

capsaicin

Component of capsicum. When used topically, capsaicin can prevent the transmission of pain. It is...

capsicum

Large group of plants consisting primarily of the pepper family, including chili peppers and...

capsicum oleoresin

Fatty resin derived from capsicum plants. It can be sensitizing to skin...

caramel

Natural coloring agent.

carbomer

Group of thickening agents used primarily to create gel-like formulations.

carbopol

carboxylic acid

cardamom

Plant of the ginger family, used as fragrance in cosmetics. Terpene, one of its major constituents,...

carmine

Natural red color that comes from the dried female cochineal beetle. It is sometimes used to color...

carnauba wax

Natural, hard wax obtained from the leaves of palm trees. Used primarily as a thickening agent, but...

carnitine

Naturally occurring amino acid. Deficiencies of this small but essential component can result in...

carnosic acid

Component of rosemary that is an antioxidant...

carnosine

Composed of amino acids, it has soothing and antioxidant properties...

carnosol acid

carrageenan

Seaweed gum used in cosmetics as a thickening agent with water-binding properties.

carrot oil

Emollient plant oil similar to other nonfragrant plant oils.

Carthamus tinctorius oil

carvone

Essential oil used as a flavoring agent and fragrance component in cosmetics. It can be a...

Carya illinoensis oil

casein

Substance derived from milk protein that may have some antioxidant properties when applied...

Cassia angustifolia seed polysaccharide

Cassia angustifolia seed polysaccharide is the polysaccharide portion derived from the seed of the Cassia angustifolium plant.

Castanea sativa seed extract

castor isostearate succinate

A mix of esters formed by the reaction of castor seed oil, isostearic acid, and succinic acid. This ingredient functions...

castor oil

Vegetable oil derived from the castor bean. It is used in cosmetics as an emollient, though its...

catalase

Enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen and that has significant antioxidant...

Caulerpa taxifolia extract

cedarwood

Fragrant plant extract. There is evidence that cedarwood oil is sensitizing...

Cedrus atlantica bark extract

Fragrant oil that can aggravate skin...

cellulose

Primary fiber component of plants. Used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and to bind other...

Cellulose gum

Any of various fibrous substances derived from plants. Cellulose gum is a natural ingredient..

Centaurea cyanus

Centella asiatica

Extract of herb that may be listed on labels as asiatic acid, hydrocotyl, or gotu kola. It has...

cephalin

Phospholipid.

Cera alba

See beeswax...

cera microcristallina

ceramide AP

ceramide EOP

ceramide EOS

ceramide NG

ceramide NP

One of several types of ceramides.

ceramide NS

ceramides

Ceramides are naturally occurring, long chains of fats that are major components of skin’s outer layers. Adding them to a skincare product provides replenishing benefits.

ceresin

Derived from clay, ceresin is a waxy ingredient used as a thickening agent in cosmetics. It can be...

ceteareth-20

Fatty alcohol that is used to thicken cosmetics and keep ingredients mixed together and stable.

ceteareth-25

A fatty alcohol that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics.

ceteareth-6 olivate

Ceteareth-6 olivate is the ester of a fatty alcohol and fatty acids from olive oil.

cetearyl alcohol

Fatty alcohol used as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other...

cetearyl ethylhexanoate

Oil-like liquid that functions as an emollient to prevent skin from losing moisture. Also...

cetearyl glucoside

A blend of cetearyl alcohol and glucose that functions as an emulsifier.

cetearyl octanoate

cetearyl olivate

Cetearyl olivate is an ester of cetearyl alcohol and fatty acids from olive oil.

cetyl acetate

A mixture of cetyl alcohol and acetic acid used as a skin-replenishing agent and emollient.

cetyl alcohol

Fatty alcohol used as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other...

cetyl dimethicone

Silicone polymer that functions as skin-conditioning agent.

cetyl dimethicone copolyol

cetyl esters

Synthetic wax used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient.

cetyl hydroxyethylcellulose

A mixture of cetyl alcohol and Hydroxyethylcellulose. It functions as thickener and stabilizing...

cetyl palmitate

The ester of cetyl palmitate and palmitic acid, this thickener and emollient helps smooth and condition dry skin while preventing moisture loss.

cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1-dimethicone

Silicone that functions as a skin-conditioning agent and emulsifier.

chamomile

Ingredient derived from plant species Chamomilla recutita, Matricaria recutita, and Matricaria chamomilla...

Chamomilla recutita flower extract

charcoal

Primarily carbon substance formed by charring organic material in absence of oxygen. One...

charcoal powder

Primarily carbon substance formed by charring organic material in absence of oxygen...

chelating agent

Any of numerous ingredients that bind with metal ions or metallic compounds, preventing them from...

cherry extract

Also known as wild cherry and sweet cherry, cherry extract is a natural source of vitamin C.

China clay

chitosan

Derived from chitin, a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of shrimp, lobster, and crabs. It...

chlorella

chlorophene

Used as a preservative in cosmetics.

chloroxylenol

Chemical compound used as a preservative and cleansing agent due to its action...

chlorphenesin

Type of alcohol used as a preservative in cosmetics...

cholecalciferol

Technical name for vitamin D.

cholesterol

The surface of skin depends on the stratum corneum lipid matrix, which...

choline

Part of the vitamin B complex and a constituent of many other biologically important molecules,...

chondroitin sulfate

Chondrus crispus (algae) extract

Chondrus crispus, also known as red algae, is a type of seaweed that’s a rich source of many nutrients for skin.

chromium hydroxide green

Earth mineral used as a coloring agent/additive and permanently listed (as of 1977) by the FDA for...

chromium oxide green

Chrysanthellum indicum (golden chamomile) extract

Chrysanthellum indicum is a form of chamomile that, like other forms, has soothing properties when applied to skin.

chrysanthemum extract

Can have soothing benefit for skin.

Chrysanthemum parthenium extract

Cichorium intybus

Source of a plant extract with antioxidant properties (Source: Archives of Pharmaceutical Research,...

Cimicifuga racemosa root extract

Cinnamomum

Cinnamomum camphora

cinnamon

Can have antioxidant properties when applied to skin...

cinnamyl alcohol

A volatile fragrance ingredient that contains extracts from cinnamon and balsam of Peru...

citrate buffer

Citrate buffer is a buffered mixture of sodium citrate and citric acid and is used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster.

citric acid

Extract derived from citrus and used primarily to adjust the pH of products to prevent them from...

citronellol

A volatile fragrance chemical extracted from geranium, rose, and other plants, citronellol has a characteristic grassy, citrus-like scent.

Citrullus colocynthis

Bitter apple; considered sensitizing to skin.

Citrus amara

Citrus aurantifolia

Citrus aurantium

Citrus aurantium extract

Bitter orange extract. It can have antioxidant properties when eaten (Source: Journal of...

Citrus medica limonium

Citrus unshiu

Plant extract more commonly known as the satsuma. This medium-sized citrus fruit is native to...

Citrus unshiu peel extract

clary oil

Used as fragrance; can be a skin sensitizer.

clary sage

Also known as Salvia sclarea, the extract from the clary sage plant (not to be confused with common sage leaf) has antioxidant properties, although it isn’t nearly as well researched as several other plant extracts with antioxidant benefits...

clay

Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) flower extract

Clitoria ternatea is a perennial herb more commonly known as butterfly pea because of the pea-shaped, wing-like flowers it produces.

clove leaf

clove oil

Potent skin sensitizer when applied repeatedly...

clover blossom

Contains eugenol, which can be a skin sensitizer and cause photosensitivity.

clover leaf oil

cocamide DEA and MEA

Both cocamide DEA (diethanolamine) and MEA (monoethanolamine) are widely used ingredients to thicken the water phase of cosmetics, keep ingredients blended, and boost foaming properties...

cocamidopropyl betaine

One of the more gentle surfactants used in skincare products.

cocamidopropyl dimethylamine

An antistatic agent derived from coconut oil, though it may be produced synthetically, too...

cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine

Mild surfactant.

Coccinia indica (ivy gourd) fruit extract

Ivy gourd is a fruit that acts as a natural skin-conditioning agent.

cocoa butter

Oil extracted from cocoa beans, used as an emollient and with properties similar to those of other...

cocoa extract

Can have antioxidant properties...

coco-caprylate

Coco-caprylate is the mixture of esters that occur when the fatty alcohols derived from coconut alcohol reacts with the fatty acid caprylic acid.

coco caprylate/caprate

Coco caprylate/caprate functions as a lightweight emollient.

coco-glucoside

A mixture of fatty alcohol from coconut and glucose. Chiefly functions as a cleansing agent. May be...

cocoglycerides

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

coconut

Has degreasing and cleansing properties, which is why detergent cleansing agents are frequently...

coconut acid

A natural mixture of fatty acid found in coconut oil primarily used as a cleansing agent.

coconut oil

Non-volatile plant kernel oil that has emollient properties for skin.

cocos nucifera (coconut) fruit extract

The extract of the fruit of the coconut tree, this ingredient is rich in skin-conditioning fatty acids, proteins, and complex B vitamins.

cocoyl proline

Cocoyl proline is a mixture of coconut fatty acids and the amino acid proline,

Cocus nucifera

Codium tomentosum extract

coenzyme Q10

Also known as ubiquinone, it is a vitamin-like, fat-soluble substance present in skin....

Coffea arabica (coffee) fruit extract

Coffee fruit extract is an excellent antioxidant when applied to skin, or consumed orally.

Coffea arabica (coffee) seed oil

The concentrated oil from the coffee bean plant, whichis green, not dark brown as this color doesn't occur until coffee beans are roasted. Research on this oil's effect on skin...

Coffea arabica seed extract

Coffea arabica is the coffee plant, and there is research showing that coffee extract has...

Cola acuminata seed extract

Coleus barbatus

Member of the mint family and also known as forskolin; can be a skin sensitizer...

collagen amino acids

Collagen amino acids are made from the hydrolylsis (breaking down with water) of protein...

colloidal oatmeal

colloidal silver

Refers to ground-up silver suspended in solution.

comfrey extract

Several studies have shown that comfrey extract can have harmful properties when...

Commiphora myrrha extract

coneflower

Another name for echinacea; has soothing properties.

Copaifera officinalis

Copernicia cerifera wax

copper gluconate

Also known simply as copper, this mineral is an important trace element for human nutrition. The...

copper lysinate/prolinate

An amino acid/mineral complex that limited yet potentially exciting research has shown...

copper PCA

A synthetic skin-conditioning agent composed of the copper salt of PCA (Pyrrolidone Carboxylic...

copper peptides

Copper peptides combine the element copper with three amino acids. Copper peptides occur naturally in the body, and are used in trace amounts to...

copper sulfate

Effective for soothing skin, but there is no research showing it has any impact when used...

Corallina officinalis extract

coriander

Herb and spice plant, the source of a fragrant component; it can be a potential skin sensitizer…

cornflower

Can have soothing properties for skin…

cornmint

Also known as wild mint; it can be sensitizing to skin…

corn oil

Emollient oil with properties similar to those of other nonfragrant plant oils (Source: British...

cornstarch

Starch obtained from corn and sometimes used as an absorbent in cosmetics instead of talc.

Cornus extract

Corylus americana

Corylus avellana

coumarin

Organic compound found in plants and derived from the amino acid phenylalanine. It creates the...

cranberry seed extract

Extract of the cranberry fruit. Natural components known as proanthocyanidins are responsible for...

cranberry seed oil

Extract derived from the seed of this red berry; the oil (which is not red) has antioxidant...

Crataegus monogina extract

creatine

An amino acid found in the human body and most type of meat and fish. This ingredient serves as the...

cucumber extract

Non-irritating plant extract from the gourd family (think pumpkin) that’s often reputed to be...

Cucumis melo (melon) fruit extract

More commonly known as cantaloupe or honeydew melon, Cucumis melo is a fruit that is a rich source...

Cucumis sativus extract

Cucurbita pepo seed extract

Cucurbitea peponis

Curcuma longa root

curcumin

Antioxidant spice that can be effective in soothing skin…

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba

cyanocobalamin

cyclamen aldehyde

Synthetic fragrant component in products; it can aggravate skin.

cyclohexasiloxane

One of the numerous forms of synthetic silicone

cyclomethicone

Silicone with a drier finish than dimethicone.

cyclopentasiloxane

Lightweight silicone with a silky, slippery feel that functions as a skin/hair conditioning agent.

cyclotetrasiloxane

Cymbopogon citrates

Cymbopogon martini

cysteine

cystine

D&C

According to the FDA, D&C is an identification that indicates a coloring agent has been approved as...

D&C colors

General term for a wide group of color additives that are approved for use in drugs and cosmetics...

daisy flower extract

There is no research showing this extract has any benefit for skin. Also known as tansy, it can...

d-alpha-tocopherol

Antioxidant that's considered the most optimal form of vitamin E.

Daucus carota

Also known as wild carrot. It can have antioxidant properties, but applied topically it can cause...

DEA oleth-10 phosphate

Used as an emulsifying agent, which is a group of ingredients essential to most cosmetic...

decarboxy carnosine HCL

decylene glycol

A synthetic glycol that functions as a skin-conditioning agent.

decyl glucoside

Used as a gentle detergent cleansing agent.

decyl oleate

A skin-conditioning agent derived from the esters of decyl alcohol and oleic acid.

dehydroacetic acid

A synthetic preservative uses in amounts of 0.6% or less. Sometimes its salt form (known as sodium...

dehydroepiandrosterone

deionized/demineralized water

Filtered water used in cosmetics. All water used in cosmetic formulations goes through this process...

denatured alcohol

Denatured alcohol is a drying alcohol that weakens skin. If denatured alcohol is listed as the fifth ingredient or higher, it is of considerable risk for sensitising skin.

deoxyribonucleic acid

detergent cleansing agent

deuterium oxide

dextran

Polysaccharide that has water-binding properties for skin.

dextrin

Carbohydrate that is classified as a polysaccharide. It is used as an adhesive when mixed with...

DHA

diatomaceous earth

Light-colored porous rock composed of the skeletons of minute sea creatures called diatoms....

diazolidinyl urea

Water-soluble preservative.

dibutyl phthalate

Also known as DBP, it is a common ingredient in nail polish and most synthetic fragrances sold...

dicaprylyl carbonate

An emollient ingredient that may be derived from synthetic or animal sources. It spreads easily and...

dicetyl phosphate

A mix of portions from cetyl alcohol and phosphoric acid that functions as surfactant and emulsifier.

diethylhexyl carbonate

A synthetic oil-like ester that functions as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient. Also used in...

diethylhexyl malate

Emollient and skin-conditioning agent derived from the solvent ethyl hexanediol.

diethylhexyl syringylidenemalonate

An ester that functions as an antioxidant and helps defend cosmetics products from chemical or physical deterioration...

diheptyl succinate

dihydrocholeth-30

A synthetic ingredient that functions as an emulsifier...

dihydroxyacetone

Ingredient present in all self-tanners that affects the color of skin. Derived from sugar, it...

diisooctyl succinate

Diisooctyl succinate is a synthetic or plant-derived (Paula’s Choice uses the latter) transparent liquid emollient.

diisopropyl adipate

Used as a film-forming agent, emollient, and skin-conditioning agent.

diisopropyl dimer dilinoleate

A synthetic ester that functions as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient.

diisostearoyl trimethylolpropane siloxy silicate

Emollient in the silicone family.

diisostearyl dimer dilinoleate

A synthetic ester that functions as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent. May be animal-derived.

diisostearyl malate

Diisostearyl malate is an ester that functions as an emollient...

diisostearyl polyglyceryl-3 dimer dilinoleate

Diisostearyl polyglyceryl-3 dimer dilinoleate is an emollient blend of fatty acids often used in cosmetics to enhance coverage.

dimer dilinoleyl dimer dilinoleate

A mixture of fatty acids and a fatty alcohol. This synthetic ingredient...

dimethicone

A type of silicone, dimethicone is one of the most frequently used emollient ingredients in moisturizers due to its gentleness...

dimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer

A mixture of the silicone dimethicone with PEG-10 and PEG-15.

dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer

dimethicone copolyol

dimethicone crosspolymer

Silicone derivative used as a stabilizing or suspending agent or as a thickener.

dimethiconol

dimethyl capramide

Functions as a stabilizer and solvent in cosmetics.

dimethyl ether

Colorless gas used as a propellant in aerosol products. It is potentially harmful if inhaled…

dimethyl isosorbide

A solvent derived from the sugar sorbitol...

dimethyl MEA

Dioscorea villosa extract

dipentaerythrityl hexacaprylate/hexacaprate

Mixture of fatty acids used as an emollient and thickening agent.

dipeptide-2

Dipeptide-2 is a small, less complex synthetic peptide made up of the amino acids tryptophan and valine.

dipotassium glycyrrhizate

dipotassium glycyrrhizinate

dipotassium phosphate

A synthetic salt that helps to adjust and maintain the pH of water-based and...

di-PPG-3 myristyl ether adipate

Derivative of myristyl alcohol (a fatty alcohol) and adipic acid (a buffering and neutralizing...

dipropylene glycol

A synthetic slip agent and texture enhancer.

disodium cocoamphodiacetate

Mild detergent cleansing agent.

disodium cocoyl glutamate

A cleansing agent derived from coconut.

disodium diglyceryl phosphate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

disodium EDTA

Short for disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Used as a chelating agent...

disodium glyceryl phosphate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

disodium lauraminopropionate

A mild surfactant.

disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates

A complex mixture of esters formed from a blend of tocopherol phosphates with lauriminodipropionic...

disodium rutinyl disulfate

A water-soluble derivative of the bioflavinoid rutin...

disteardimonium hectorite

Used as a suspending agent, often with pigments.

DMAE

DMDM hydantoin

Formaldehyde-releasing preservative...

docosahexaenoic acid

dog rose

dogwood

There is a small amount of research showing that dogwood has antioxidant and soothing...

Dromiceius oil

dulse

Dunaliella salina extract

A type of micro-algae that’s known for being adaptable and able to survive even in harsh natural conditions. It’s a rich source...

durian

A tropical fruit that contains high levels of antioxidants such as caffeic acid and quercetin

Durvillaea antarctica extract

Extract derived from a species of algae (Durvillea antarctica).

ecamsule

Sunscreen ingredient that provides UVA protection...

Echium plantagineum seed oil

A novel, non-fragrant plant oil that's a rich source of saturated fatty acids...

Eclipta prostrata extract

An annual plant common to Korea, Eclipta prostrata has potent antioxidant and skin-calming properties.

ectoin

Ectoin is a synthetic ingredient that serves as an emollient on skin and can also have a buffering effect in cosmetic formulas.

EDTA

Acronym for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a stabilizer used in cosmetics to prevent ingredients...

egg yolk

Egg yolk is mostly water and lipids (fats), especially cholesterol, which makes it a good emollient...

eicosapentaenoic acid

Fatty acid derived from salmon oil; it is a good emollient and replenishing ingredient for skin.

Elaeis guineensis

elderberry

Also known as black elderberry or Sambucus nigra, this plant has potent antioxidant properties...

elecampane

Latin name Inula helenium; it is a plant that can be very sensitizing to the skin...

ellagic acid

Potent antioxidant compound found in pomegranate and most berries.

Emblica officinalis (gooseberry) fruit extract

Also known as amla, the fruit extract from gooseberry is among the richest plant sources of antioxidants.

emollient

Supple, waxlike, lubricating, thickening agents that prevent water loss and have a softening and...

emulsifier

When it comes to cosmetics, an emulsifier refers to any ingredient that helps keep unlike...

emu oil

The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) is a large, flightless bird indigenous to Australia. The oil...

English ivy extract

Plant extract that can be a skin sensitizer due to its stimulant and astringent (skin-constricting) properties.

ensulizole

Ensulizole is a water soluble sunscreen ingredient that works in the UVB range, offering no UVA protection.

Enteromorpha compressa extract

Extract from green algae.

environmental damage

Occurrence that takes place at an atomic level and is a complex physiological process. Molecules...

enzymes

Vast group of protein , produced by all living things, that act as catalysts in chemical...

epigallocatechin gallate

One of the constituents of green tea believed to be responsible for its many health...

Epilobium angustifolium extract

Extract derived from a plant commonly known as fireweed or willow herb...

Epilobium fleischeri (willowherb) extract

Epilobium fleischeri, also known as Alpine willowherb, is a plant extract has documented skin-calming and antioxidant benefits

Equisetum arvense

ergocalciferol

Technical name for vitamin D.

ergothioneine

A substance derived from animal tissue or various types of mushrooms that has potent antioxidant...

Eriobotrya japonica

erythrulose

Substance chemically similar to the self-tanning agent dihydroxyacetone. Depending on your skin...

esculin

Component of horse chestnut, it is considered harmful and is not recommended for skin...

essential oil

ester

A compound formed from the reaction between an alcohol and an acid via the elimination of water....

Ester-C

Trade name for a combination form of vitamin C that contains mainly calcium ascorbate, but in...

ethanol

ethoxydiglycol

ethyl alcohol

ethyl hexanediol

A synthetic, viscous alcohol that functions as a solvent and can also be...

ethylhexylglycerin

A synthetic skin-conditioning agent used as a preservative or as a carrier or suspending agent for...

ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate

ethylhexyl olivate

A natural ester of skin-conditioning fatty acids derived from olive oil. It can have an occlusive effect on skin.

ethylhexyl palmitate

A mixture of a fatty alcohol and palmitic acid that functions as an emollient.

ethylhexyl stearate

ethyl macadamiate

Mixture of fatty acids from macadamia nut oil.

ethylparaben

Parabens are a group of controversial preservatives that include butylparaben...

ethyl vanillin

Flavoring agent derived from vanilla. It has antioxidant properties (Source: Journal of...

eucalyptus extract

Extract that may have beneficial properties on the skin...

eucalyptus oil

Fragrant plant oil whose active constituents are found in the leaves and the oil obtained from...

Eugenia aromatica

Eugenia caryophyllus

eugenol

Fragrance chemical that occurs naturally in some plant ingredients...

Euphorbia cerifera wax

Euphrasia officinalis

Euterpe oleracea (acai) sterols

Euterpe oleracea (acai) sterols are the sterol portion derived from the acai plant.

Euterpe oleracea fruit extract

evening primrose oil

Can have significant soothing and emollient benefits for skin.

Evodia rutaecarpa extract

A species of Asian tree whose fragrant fruit functions as a good soothing agent in...

Ext. D&C

Type of coloring agent. According to the FDA (www.fda.gov), when Ext. D&C is followed by a color,...

eyebright

A plant; although the name sounds like it would be beneficial for the eye area, there are no...

faex

A type of yeast.

farnesol

Extract of plants that is used in cosmetics primarily for fragrance. A few animal studies and some...

farnesyl acetate

fatty acid

Substance typically found in plant and animal lipids (fat). Fatty acids include compounds such as...

fatty alcohol

Made from fatty acids; fatty alcohols are used in cosmetics as thickening agents and emollients....

FD&C

Type of coloring agent. According to the FDA, when FD&C is followed by a color, the color is...

FD&C colors

General term for any color additive deemed to be safe and FDA-approved for use in foods, drugs, and...

fennel oil

Volatile, fragrant oil that can cause skin sensitivity.

fennel seed extract

Can have antioxidant properties, but on skin it can be a skin sensitizer (Source:...

ferric ammonium ferrocyanide

Inorganic salt of ferric ferrocyanide. 

ferric ferrocyanide

Also known as Iron Blue, a coloring agent used in cosmetic products, including those designed for...

Ferula galbaniflua

ferulic acid

A plant-based antioxidant. Research suggests that it provides antioxidant...

feverfew extract

A plant that can be very soothing but also potentially sensitizing to the skin...

fibronectin

Type of protein found in the skin....

Ficus carica (fig) fruit extract

Fig is a rich source of a class of antioxidants known as phenolic compounds.

fig

Filipendula glaberrima

Also known as Nakai, the root of this plant extract has been shown to be an antioxidant…

Filipendula rubra

film-forming agent

Large group of ingredients that are typically found in hair-care products, but that are also widely...

fireweed extract

Extract from the Epilobium angustifolium plant; also known as willow herb.

fir needle oil

Volatile, fragrant oil that can cause skin sensitivity.

fish cartilage extract

May have water-binding properties, but there is no research showing that this has any benefit for...

flavonoid

flavor

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the term "flavor" on a product label signifies...

flax

Plant source of linen and edible seeds. Flax seeds and seed oil have antioxidant properties...

flaxseed oil

From seeds of the flax plant; a source of fatty acids, particularly omega-3.

floralozone

One of a number of synthetic fragrant components.

Foeniculum vulgare extract

folic acid

Part of the B-vitamin complex; when taken orally, it is a good antioxidant. That benefit has not...

formaldehyde-releasing preservative

Common type of preservative found in cosmetics...

Fragaria vesca (strawberry) fruit extract

Strawberry’s red colour comes from its high amount of antioxidant compounds known as anthocyanins.

fragrance

One or a blend of volatile and/or fragrant plant oils (or synthetically derived oils) that impart...

frankincense extract

Fragrant component used in skincare products; it can be a skin sensitizer...

fructose

Often called fruit sugar, fructose is a type of sugar composed of glucose. It has water-binding...

fruit acid

Fucus vesiculosus extract

Fucus vesiculosus extract, also known as bladderwrack, is a type of brown algae (seaweed) that is edible.

Fu ling

fuller's earth

Mineral substance that is similar to kaolin (a clay). Composed mainly of alumina, silica, iron...

galactoarabinan

Polysaccharide extracted from the western larch tree.

galbanum

Fragrant substance that, because of its resin and volatile oil content, can be extremely sensitizing…

gamma linolenic acid (GLA)

Fatty acid used in cosmetics as an emollient and antioxidant. GLA is considered to...

Ganoderma lucidum (mushroom) extract

Ganoderma lucidum is a species of mushroom also known as Reishi mushroom that, when applied to skin, can visibly reduce some types of discolouration.

Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) peel extract

Mangosteen is a fruit with a sweet and sour flavour and is native to several Asian countries.

Gardenia florida extract

Flower extract used in cosmetics to impart fragrance; also functions as an antioxidant (Source:...

gelatin

Protein obtained from plants or animals and used in cosmetics as a thickening agent.

gellan gum

A plant-derived, high-weight, polysaccharide texture enhancer that also...

Gellidiela acerosa extract

Extract derived from a type of algae.

genistein

Plant component (most often from soy) that is a rich source of antioxidants, though it can also be...

Gentiana lutea (Gentian) root extract

Part of the gentian plant, constituents of which are soothing to skin...

geraniol

A volatile fragrance ingredient extracted from geranium, geraniol is capable of causing sensitivity when applied to skin.

geranium extract

Extract that can have potent antioxidant properties (Source: Phytomedicine, June 2000, pages...

geranium oil

Fragrant oil that can have beneficial properties but also can be a skin sensitizer...

Geranium pretense

Geranium plant.

Germaben II

Trade name for diazolidinyl urea.

ginger extract

Extract from a plant in the Zingiberacae family that has research showing it has soothing...

ginger oil

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract

Potent antioxidant and soothing ingredient.

ginseng

Ginseng is a popular herbal supplement. When applied topically it delivers antioxidant benefits, boosts hydration, and helps visibly improve signs of skin aging.

GLA

glabridin

Main ingredient in licorice extract. It has soothing properties. There is research showing...

glucomannan

Glucomannan is prebiotic sugar that combines the simples sugars mannose with glucose.

gluconolactone

glucosamine HCL

A form of glucosamine, an amino sugar that can be considered a skin-restorative...

glucose

Monosaccharide that has water-binding properties for skin.

glucose oxidase

Glucose oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of the sugar glucose.

glucosylceramides

Glucosylceramides are responsible for the healthy formation and appearance of skin’s upper layers.

glucosyl hesperidin

A water-soluble form of hesperidin, a flavonoid found in many citrus plants, as well as evening primrose oil. It has potential as an antioxidant...

glutamic acid

Glutamic acid is an amino acid that helps aid skin hydration.

glutamine

Can help improve the function of skin...

glutathione

Powerful, non-enzymatic antioxidant which naturally occurs in the skin.

gluten ingredients

Gluten is a protein that occurs naturally in many types of grains, including wheat, rye, and barley.

glycereth-26

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glycereth-26 phosphate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glycereth-6 laurate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glycerin

Glycerin, also called glycerol or glycerine, is present in all natural lipids (fats), whether animal or vegetable.

glycerine

glycerol

glycerol monostearate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glycerol triacetate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glycerol trioleate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glyceryl ascorbate

A vitamin C derivative, it serves as an antioxidant in skincare products.

glyceryl behanate

A simple mixture of glycerin and the naturally-occuring fatty acid behenic acid. Glyceryl behenate...

glyceryl behenate

An ester emollient of fatty acid behenic acid...

glyceryl behenate/eicosadioate

A mixture of esters of glycerin, along with behenic and eicosadioic acids, its works as a thickener and stabilizing agent in makeup and skincare products.

glyceryl cocoate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glyceryl dibehanate

A complex mixture of glycerin and the naturally-occurring fatty acid behenic acid. Glyceryl...

glyceryl dipalmitate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glyceryl distearate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glyceryl ester

Large group of ingredients that are composed of fats and oils. At room temperature, the fats are...

glyceryl isopalmitate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glyceryl isostearate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glyceryl myristate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glyceryl oleate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glyceryl palmitate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glyceryl polymethacrylate

A blend of glycerin and polymethacrylic acid that functions as a film-forming agent. It has a...

glyceryl rosinate

An ester of long chain acids derived from a plant-based ingredient known as rosin.

glyceryl stearate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

glyceryl stearate citrate

Glyceryl stearate citrate is an ester of citric acid and glyceryl stearate.

glyceryl stearate SE

Widely used ingredient that is a self-emulsifying (that’s what the “SE” stands for) form of...

glycine

Glycine soja (soybean) oil

Glycine soja (soybean) oil is a non-fragrant plant oil with multiple uses for skin.

Glycine soja seed extract

Glycine soja sterols

A sterol is a solid complex alcohol derived from animals and plants. In this case, the sterols are...

glycogen

Polysaccharide that has water-binding properties for skin.

glycolic acid

A type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that, like other ingredients in the category, can act as a water-binding agent and, when properly formulated, as an exfoliant...

glycolipid

Type of lipid composed of sugar (monosaccharide) and fat (lipid) that forms an important component...

glycol stearate

Used as an emollient and thickening agent.

glycoproteins

Glycoproteins are a type of peptide naturally present in skin's surface that works with other ingredients to reinforce skin's barrier strength.

glycosaminoglycans

Also known as mucopolysaccharides; these are a fundamental component of skin and are...

glycosphingolipid

glycyrrhetic acid

Extract from licorice that has skin-soothing properties…

glycyrrhetinic acid

One of the components of licorice root extract...

Glycyrrhiza glabra

Glycyrrhiza uralensis root extract

goji fruit extract

This bright, warm red berry, native to Asia, is a very good source of antioxidant compounds.

gold

An ingredient that seems luxe and helpful but is actually a frequent contact sensitizer…

Gossypium herbacuem seed oil

Also known as cotton seed oil, this non-fragrant plant oil may cause...

gotu kola

grapefruit oil

Citrus oil whose volatile components (chiefly substances known as furocoumarins) are sensitizing...

grapefruit peel extract

Typically listed as citrus grandis (grapefruit) peel extract on the ingredient list...

grapefruit seed extract

Labelled as Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) seed extract, this is often claimed as a natural preservative...

grape seed extract

Grape seed extract has been shown to help diminish free-radical damage…

grape seed oil

Emollient, non-fragrant plant oil that also has excellent antioxidant properties...

green tea

Significant amounts of research have established that tea, including black, green, and white tea...

gromwell

guarana

Herb that contains two and a half times more caffeine than coffee. It can have constricting...

guar gum

Plant-derived thickening agent...

guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride

guava

Guava extract is a rich source of bioactive antioxidants including gallic acid, quercetin, and tocopherol.

gums

Substances that have water-binding properties, but that are used primarily as thickening agents in...

Haematococcus pluvialis extract

Hamamelis virginiana

hamamelitannin

Tannin that is found in witch hazel. It can be a skin sensitizer but it also has antioxidant...

Haslea ostrearia extract

Extract derived from a water plant also known as blue algae. In pure concentrations this extract...

hayflower extract

Plant extract that, due to its constricting effect on skin, can be sensitizing There is no...

hazelnut oil

Oil extracted from the hazelnut and that is used as an emollient.

hectorite

A type of clay used in cosmetics that enhances texture by imparting a smooth, silky feel.

Hedera helix

hedione

Synthetic fragrant component in products, which also can be a skin sensitizer.

Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil

Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil is a non-volatile, non-fragrant plant oil used as an emollient in cosmetics.

Helianthus oil

hemp seed oil

From the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.

hesperidin

Flavonoid found in various plants such as citrus and evening primrose oil. It has potential as a...

hesperidin methyl chalcone

Citrus bioflavonoid often seen in products claiming to improve dark undereye circles. There is...

hexanoyl dipeptide-3 norleucine acetate

Hexanoyl dipeptide-3 norleucine acetate is a synthetic peptide that helps skin’s surface shed properly and speeds up surface renewal for fresher-looking skin.

hexyl cinnamal

A fragrance ingredient used in many perfumes and often seen in fragranced skincare products...

hexyldecanol

A synthetic, non-drying fatty alcohol used as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent.

hexylene glycol

hexyl laurate

Skin-softening agent and emollient that is a mixture of hexyl alcohol and lauric acid.

hexylresorcinol

A synthetic ingredient that has been shown to have skin brightening ability but there is very limited research about it on skin...

hibiscus

Fragrant plant

Himanthalia elongate extract

Extract of a species of algae.

Hippophae rhamnoides

Hippophae Rhamnoides (seaberry) fruit extract

Also known as sea buckthorn, seaberry is a good source of vitamin C as well as various B vitamins, vitamin E.

histidine

hoelen

A mushroom that grows underground on the roots of pines and other trees around the world. It has...

homosalate

FDA-approved sunscreen active ingredient that primarily provides UVB protection. Its UVA range is...

honey

Honey is a substance produced by bees from the nectar of flowering plants.

honey extract

honeysuckle flower extract

Plant extract that functions as a soothing agent. It is a very good source of flavonoids...

hops

There is no research showing that hops have any benefit for skin. However, components in hops may...

Hordeum vulgare extract

horse chestnut extract

May have soothing properties for skin...

horse elder

horseradish

Plant that can sensitize skin and should never be applied to abraded skin.

horsetail extract

Plant extract that has antioxidant and soothing properties, but there's no solid research showing it can and does exert these effects...

Hortonia floribunda leaf extract

No research shows this plant as having any benefit for skin although it and other plant components...

Huang qi

Humulus lupulus extract

hyaluronic acid

Component of skin that is used in skincare products as a good restorative ingredient....

Hydnocarpus anthelmintica

Hydrastis canadenis

hydrocotyl extract

hydrogenated coco-glyceride

Used as an emollient and thickening agent in cosmetics.

hydrogenated didecene

Skin-conditioning agent derived from didecene, which is a hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are organic...

hydrogenated lecithin

hydrogenated olive oil

When a plant oil is hydrogenated, it is chemically converted gas from a liquid to a semi-solid or...

hydrogenated palm glycerides

Palm glycerides are the fatty acid component of palm oil. When a plant oil is hydrogenated, it is...

hydrogenated polydecene

Synthetic polymer that functions as an emollient and skin-conditioning agent.

hydrogenated polyisobutene

Synthetic polymer used as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient.

hydrogenated rapeseed oil

Hydrogenated rapeseed oil works as an emollient, thickening agent, and occlusive.

hydrogenated soybean oil

Non-fragrant plant oil from soy that has been hydrogenated so it retains a semi-solid rather than liquid state.

hydrogenated vegetable glycerides citrate

A hydrogenated blend of vegetable glycerides that functions chiefly as an emollient and emulsifier in cosmetics...

hydrogen peroxide

There is a great deal of current research showing that hydrogen peroxide is problematic as a...

hydrolysed rhodophycea (red algae) extract

Hydrolysed rhodophycea is a type of red algae that, like most other types used in skin care products, helps improve skin’s hydration.

hydrolyzed acacia macrostachya seed extract

The extract from the seed of the Acacia macrostachya plant, a tropical shrub.

hydrolyzed algae extract

The hydrolyzed form of algae extract, and a rich source of polysaccharides for skin.

hydrolyzed corn starch

A form of the natural absorbent corn starch that has been hydrolyzed, which means it has undergone...

hydrolyzed eruca sativa (arugula) leaf

When applied to skin, arugula is a good source of antioxidants and minerals to help defend skin from environmental damage.

hydrolyzed glycosaminoglycans

A skin-restorative ingredient that has been hydrolyzed, which is a chemical process involving the...

hydrolyzed jojoba esters

Essential fatty acids from the jojoba plant, broken down by water to form a new complex with...

hydrolyzed jojoba protein

Protein fraction of seeds from the jojoba plant that has been hydrolyzed, which is a chemical...

hydrolyzed pumpkin seedcake

Hydrolyzed pumpkin seedcake is a plant-derived ingredient that protects skin from moisture loss and supports firmness.

hydrolyzed silk

hydrolyzed soy protein

hydrolyzed vegetable protein

Composed of various protein substances derived from vegetables and broken down by water to form a...

hydrolyzed wheat protein

Protein fraction from wheat that has been hydrolyzed, which is a chemical process involving the...

hydroxyacetophenone

Hydroxyacetophenone is a synthetic antioxidant and skin-conditioning ingredient.

hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyl dimethyl taurate copolymer

A polymer that functions as a stabilizer, thickening agent, and opacifying agent.

hydroxyethylcellulose

Plant-derived thickening agent typically used as a binding agent or emulsifier. Also used (most...

hydroxyethylpiperazine ethane sulfonic acid

Also known by the acronym HEPES, hydroxyethylpiperazine ethane sulfonic acid is a buffering ingredient typically used to...

hydroxylated lecithin

hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin

A plant- derived or synthetic carbohydrate that functions as a chelating agent and...

hydroxypropyl guar

hydroxypropyl starch phosphate

A plant-based or synthetic starch ingredient that functions as a thickener or bulking agent in cosmetics...

Hypericum extract

hyssop

idebenone

A synthetic antioxidant similar to coenzyme Q10. Idebenone got a lot of press as the best...

Ilex paraguariensis

Illicium vernum

illite

Illite is a mineral-sourced natural thickener that is sometimes referred to as French green clay.

imidazolidinyl urea

Considered a weaker preservative than its "cousin" diazolidinyl urea because it is beneficial against...

inactive ingredient

The list of inactive ingredients is the part of an ingredient label that is not regulated by the...

inositol

Major component of lecithin that may have water-binding properties for skin. It is not a vitamin,...

Inula helenium

iodopropynyl butylcarbamate

A synthetic preservative that is typically used in concentrations of 0.1% or less. It is very...

Iris florentina extract

Irish moss extract

Type of red algae.

iron oxides

Compounds of iron that are used as colorings in some cosmetics. They also are used as a metal...

iron powder

Iron powder is, as the name states, a powdered versoin of the mineral iron. A natural ingredient, it's used as an opacifying agent in cosmetics.

isoamyl cocoate

Isoamyl cocoate, an ester of isoamyl alcohol and coconut acid, works as a lightweight, fast-absorbing emollient and skin softener in skin care.

isoamyl laurate

The ester of isoamyl alcohol and lauric acid, this plant- or synthetic-based texture-enhancing ingredient feels velvety-soft.

isobutyl acetate

isobutylparaben

Parabens are a group of controversial preservatives that include butylparaben...

isocetyl salicylate

isododecane

Hydrocarbon ingredient used as a solvent. Isododecane enhances the spreadability of products and...

isoflavone

Plant derivative with antioxidant properties...

isohexadecane

Used as a detergent cleansing agent, emulsifier, and thickening agent in cosmetics.

isoleucine

isononyl isononanoate

An ester that functions as a skin-conditioning agent. Occurs naturally in cocoa and lavender oil.

isoparaffin

isopropyl alcohol

isopropyl isostearate

The ester of isopropyl alcohol and isostearic acid. It is used as a skin-conditioning agent and emollient in cosmetics products...

isopropyl lanolate

Derived from lanolin, it is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient.

isopropyl myristate

Texture enhancer and emollient as used in cosmetics.

isopropyl palmitate

Texture enhancer and emollient as used in cosmetics. It can potentially be...

isopropyl titanium triisostearate

A synthetic or animal-derived ingredient used as a surface treatment for cosmetic pigments...

isopropyl titanium triisostearte/triethoxycaprylylsilane crosspolymer

A synthetic, silicone-enhanced polymer that occurs from combining isopropyl titanium triisostearate...

isostearamide DEA

Used as a surfactant, water-binding agent, and thickening agent.

isostearic acid

Fatty acid used as a binding agent and thickener.

ivy extract

Plant extract that can be sensitizing due to its astringent (skin-constricting) properties.

Japan wax

Vegetable wax obtained from sumac berries, and used as a thickening agent and emollient in...

jasmine oil

Fragrant oil, often used as a source of perfume, that can be a skin sensitizer...

Jasminium grandiflorum

jojoba butter

The fattiest portion of jojoba oil, used as an intensive emollient.

jojoba esters

Jojoba esters are a mixture of esters from jojoba oil and hydrogenated jojoba oil that are used as emollients, occlusives, or as scrub particles in cosmetics.

jojoba oil

Emollient, non-fragrant oil (technically, a polyunsaturated wax) extracted from the seeds of a perennial shrub.

jojoba wax

Semi-solid portion of jojoba oil.

jonquil extract

Fragrant plant extract that poses a strong risk of skin sensitization.

Ju hua

jujube fruit extract

Asian plant extract that has soothing properties and may also provide other benefits...

juniper berry

Can have sothing properties for skin…

Juniperus communis

kaolin

Naturally occurring clay mineral (silicate of aluminum) that is used in cosmetics for its absorbent...

Kathon CG

kava-kava extract

Extract of the Piper methysticum plant that has soothing properties, but can...

kawa extract

kelp extract

Kigelia africana extract

Extract of African plant commonly known as the sausage tree. The African lore about this extract is...

kiwi fruit extract

As a food, kiwi has significant antioxidant properties that may even be greater than those of...

kojic acid

By-product of the fermentation process of malting rice for use in the manufacture of sake, Japanese...

kojic dipalmitate

A mixture of kojic acid and palmitic acid. It functions as a skin-conditioning agent and antioxidant...

kola nut

One of the major components of the kola nut is caffeine, which in high amounts can be a skin sensitizer...

kudzu root

Source of isoflavone, genistein, and daidzein, all plant estrogens..

kukui nut oil

Non-volatile oil from a plant native to Hawaii; it has emollient properties for skin (Source:...

lactic acid

Alpha hydroxy acid extracted from milk, although most forms used in cosmetics are synthetic. It...

Lactobacillus/coconut fruit juice ferment filtrate

Lactobacillus/coconut fruit juice ferment filtrate is the filtered result of combining the skin-friendly lactobacillus bacteria with the milky liquid found inside coconuts.

Lactobacillus/rye flour ferment

Lactobacillus/rye flour ferment is a non-living probiotic made by fermenting rye flour with the microorganism Lactobacillus that’s used to create sourdough bread.

Lactobacillus ferment

Lactobacillus ferment is a lab-created, non-living probiotic ingredient made by fermentation of the microorganism Lactobacillus.

lactobionate

Polysaccharide that has water-binding properties for skin.

lactobionic acid

lactoperoxidase

Enzyme derived from milk; it has purifying benefits for skin and may be helpful for...

lady's mantle extract

lady's thistle (milk thistle) extract

Extract for which there is a great deal of research showing it has many applications...

Lagerstroemia indica extract

No research shows this plant as having any benefit for skin...

Laminaria digitata

Laminaria longicruris

Laminaria ochroleuca extract

The Latin name for a species of kelp, also known as brown seaweed. Applied topically, it helps...

Laminaria sacharrina